快 + [verb] + 了 快 + [adjective] + 了 快要 + [verb] + 了
快…了 says something is nearly here: 快 goes before the verb or adjective and 了 closes the sentence. 快要…了 is the same pattern with 要 added, and means the same.
Before a number or a time, 快 says the figure is nearly reached.
快…了 and 快要…了 can't take a time phrase such as 明天 or 下个月. Use 就要…了 when there is one.
The pattern has no negative. To say something isn't close yet, use 还早 or 还没.
快 on its own is the adjective "fast", and 快点儿 means "hurry up". Neither is this pattern.