[subject] + 在 + 哪儿? [subject] + 去 + 哪儿? [subject] + 在哪儿 + [verb]?
哪儿 and 哪里 both ask "where", and they sit where the place would sit.
哪儿 is northern and 哪里 southern; in writing either is fine and neither is more formal.
The question word goes with 在 in front of the verb, not after it. nǐ你gōng zuò工作zài在nǎ r5哪儿 is wrong.
这儿 for here, 那儿 for there, with 这里 and 那里 as the southern forms.
With 都 or 也 it stops asking: 哪儿都去过 means "has been everywhere", 哪儿都不去 means "isn't going anywhere".