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Adjective + て + B
【B ~て (Qualities and States)】
and…, both and
N5
Adjective + の(は) (Adjective) +
【のは】
the 'one' that…
N5
[noun/place/time] + まで
【まで】
until, till, to
N5
[Verb/Adjective] + Noun
【[どうし・けいようし] + めいし(しゅうしょく)】
relative clause, noun modification, modifying nouns, embedded clause
N5
Verb (Non-past)
dictionary form, plain non-past, present, future, habitual actions, verb groups
N5
Verb + て
【~て (Conjunction)】
and, then, until happens, it's okay to, it's alright to, can
N5
Verb + て + B
【B ~て (Sequence)】
and, and then, after that
N5
あげる
to give, to present, to provide
N5
あそこ
over there
N5
あの
that
N5
ある
to exist (inanimate objects), there is/are, to have
N5
あれ
that
N5
い-Adjective
adjectives ending in い
N5
い-Adjective + Noun
【い-Adjective + (Noun)】
describing a noun
N5
い-Adjective + です
【です (Predicate)】
い-adjective
N5
いい
い-adjective meaning 'good'
N5
いくつ
how many, how old
N5
いくら
how much (price), cost
N5
いつ
when
N5
いる
to exist (animate beings), there is/are (living things), to have (animate)
N5
う-Verb
【う-Verb (Dictionary)】
う + ます, will, does, do, う - verbs
N5
お / ご
polite marker, honorific prefix particle
N5
か
question marker, interrogative
N5
が
subject marker, subject, emphasizes
N5
が
but, however, though
N5
がある
there is, is, to be
N5
がある + Noun
【がある + (Noun)】
noun that has noun, noun with noun
N5
がいる
to be, there is, to remain
N5
か~か
or
N5
~かった
past, i-adjectives, was, were
N5
が / の
【が / の (Subject)】
particle swapping
N5
がほしい
to want something, to be in need of
N5
から
from, since
N5
から
because, since, reasoning
N5
~が上手
【~がじょうず】
good at, skilled at, proficient in
N5
~が下手
【~がへた】
bad at, unskilled at, poor at
N5
~が好き
【~がすき】
like, to like
N5
~が嫌い
【 ~がきらい】
dislike, hate
N5
きらい
dislike, not fond of
N5
~くない
not, negative, i-adjectives
N5
~くなかった
not, past, negative, i-adjectives
N5
くらい
about, approximately, around, as much as, to the extent
N5
くる
to come
N5
くれる
to give, to be given
N5
けっこう
quite, a lot, fairly, rather
N5
けど
but, though, however, informal contrast
N5
けれども
but, however, although
N5
こう・そう・ああ・どう
like this, like that, how
N5
ここ
here, this place
N5
ここ、そこ、あそこ、どこ
here, there, over there, where
N5
こちら、そちら、あちら、どちら
this way, that way, over there, which way
N5
この
this
N5
この、その、あの、どの
this, that, that over there, which
N5
これ
this
N5
これ、それ、あれ、どれ
this, that, that over there, which
N5
こんな・そんな・あんな・どんな
like this, like that, what kind of, such a, kind of, something like
N5
じゃない
maybe, most likely, confirmation of information, express surprise towards listener, is not, isn't
N5
じゃなかった
was not, wasn't
N5
する
【する (Have / Wear)】
to do, to make into, have, wear, cost, run you about
N5
そこ
there, that place
N5
その
that
N5
それ
that
N5
~た
past, verbs
N5
だ
is, to be, informal
N5
~たい
want to do, desire (verbs)
N5
たくさん
many, a lot of, plenty, enough
N5
だけ
only, just, as much as
N5
たことがある
【~たことがある】
have done before
N5
だった
was, informal past, were
N5
た / ている
【~た + (Noun)】
verb modified noun, relative clause
N5
たほうがいい
【~たほうがいい】
it'd be better to, should do
N5
たり~たり
do such things as a and b
N5
~たり~たりする
do things like ~ and ~, things like and
N5
~だろう
probably, casual guess, informal uncertainty
N5
ちゃいけない / じゃいけない
must not do, spoken
N5
~つ
counter for general objects
N5
って
named, called, casual quotation, as for, speaking of, casual は
N5
つもりだ
plan to, intend to
N5
~て
te-form
N5
で
location of action, means, by, with
N5
てある
【~てある】
is, has been done, something is done, remaining state
N5
~ている
ongoing action, state, continuous
N5
ている~ている
is, am, are, state of being, has done, has
N5
~てから
after doing ~, since doing ~
N5
~てください
please do, polite request
N5
でした
was, to be, polite past, were
N5
~でしょう
probably, polite guess, polite uncertainty
N5
です
copula (to be), polite
N5
て / で
【~て (Adjectives and Nouns)】
and…
N5
ではありません
is not, polite negative
N5
ではありませんでした
was not, polite past negative
N5
~てはいけない
not allowed to do, must not, prohibited
N5
ではない
is not, informal negative, to not be
N5
ではなかった
was not, informal past negative
N5
でも
but, however, though, or something, how about, any…
N5
~てもいい
it's okay to do, may, can, may do, is okay to do, is alright to do
N5
と
and, with
N5
どうして
why, for what reason, how come
N5
どうやって
how, by what means, in what way
N5
とき
when, at this time, at the time of
N5
どこ
where
N5
どの
which, what
N5
どのくらい
how long, how much, how far, to what extent
N5
どれ
which
N5
な
【な (Prohibitive)】
do not, don't, to not and, not and, was done to by, done without consent
N5
な-Adjective
adjectives that are also nouns
N5
な-Adjective + Noun
【な-Adjective + (Noun)】
describing a noun
N5
な-Adjective + だ
【だ (Predicate)】
な-adjective
N5
~ない
not, negative, verbs
N5
~ないで
without doing, do not
N5
~ないでください
please don't, do not (verbs)
N5
ないといけない
must do, have an obligation to do
N5
ないほうがいい
it'd be better not to, shouldn't do
N5
~なかった
not, past, negative, verbs
N5
なくちゃ / なきゃ
must do, have to do, gotta do
N5
なくてはいけない
must do, have to do
N5
なくてはならない
must do, need to do, have to do
N5
なくてもいい
don't have to
N5
なぜ
why
N5
なにか / なにも
【か】
something, nothing, anything, not anything, some kind of, not any kind of
N5
なんで
why
N5
に
location, time, direction, purpose
N5
にいく
【~にいく】
to go, to go in order to
N5
~になる / ~くなる
【になる / くなる】
to become
N5
に / へ
to, toward, direction, destination, arrival point
N5
に行く
【にいく】
go to do
N5
ね
isn't it, right, confirmation, agreement
N5
~の
nominalization
N5
の
possession, attribute, of, 's
N5
のが上手
【のがじょうず】
be good at doing, be skilled at doing
N5
のが下手
【のがへた】
be bad at doing, be poor at doing
N5
のが好き
【のがすき】
like doing, love doing
N5
~ので
because, since, softer reasoning
N5
のなかで~がいちばん~
【のなかで~がいちばん】
out of, is the best, most
N5
~の中で~が一番
【~のなかで~がいちばん】
the most in, the best in, among, out of this group, is best
N5
は
topic marker, as for, contrast
N5
は
topic marker, as for, as for…
N5
~は~より~です
more than, comparison
N5
へ
direction, to, toward
N5
へ行く
【へいく】
to go to, to head toward
N5
~ました
polite past tense (verbs)
N5
~ましょう
polite volitional form, let's do
N5
ましょうか
shall i, used to offer help to the listener, shall we
N5
~ます
polite non-past (verbs)
N5
~ません
polite non-past negative (verbs)
N5
~ませんか
won't you?, shall we?, inviting someone
N5
~ませんでした
polite negative past tense (verbs)
N5
まだ
still, not yet
N5
まだ~ていません
have not yet, still haven't done
N5
まで
until, to, as far as
N5
も
also, too
N5
もう
already, anymore, again, other
N5
もらう
to receive, to get, to obtain
N5
や
and, such as, non-exhaustive list
N5
よ
emphasis, assertion, certainty
N5
より
more than, compared to
N5
より~のほうが
to be more than
N5
より~ほうが
second item is more than first item
N5
~られる/~える(可能形)
【~られる/~える(かのうけい)】
potential, can, able to, ability
N5
る-Verb
【る-Verb (Dictionary)】
る + ます, will, does, do, る - verbs
N5
を
direct object marker, object, action target, object marker, object marking particle
N5
をください
please give me
N5
~んです / のです
【んです / のです】
explanatory, emphasis, the fact is, to explain something, show emphasis
N5
何
【なに】
what
N5
何 + Counter
【なん + Counter】
how many, what kind, which (counter-based question)
N5
前に
【まえに】
before, in front of
N5
好き
【すき】
like, fond of
N5
~方
【かた】
way of doing, how to do
N5
誰
【だれ】
who
N5
誰か / どこか / 誰も / どこも
【だれか / どこか / だれも / どこも】
someone, somewhere, not anyone, not anywhere
N5
Number/Amount + は
【は】
at least, sort of, or so
N4
Number + も
【も】
emphasis, as as, not even
N4
[question word] + か
【か】
including questions within sentences
N4
Verb[て]
【~て (Casual Request)】
please do for me, and, and so, due to, because of, since
N4
Verb[て] + B
【B ~て (Non-Sequence)】
non-sequence, and, but, parallel action, state
N4
Verb[て] / Noun[で]
【B ~て (Means and Manner)】
by, with, on, by means of, ing with
N4
あまり~ない
not very, not much, not really, hardly
N4
いか
less than, under, below, any less, fewer, not exceeding
N4
いたします
to do
N4
いたす
to do, to venerably do
N4
いらっしゃる
to be, to come, to go
N4
おきに
repeated at intervals, every, every other, at intervals of
N4
お~ください
please do
N4
お~する
humble form, i humbly do, i am obliged to do, humble speech
N4
お~になる
honorific form, respectful form, to do
N4
かい
turns a sentence into a yes, no question, question marker
N4
かかる
【かかる (Time / Price)】
costs, takes
N4
かしら
i wonder
N4
がする
to smell, hear, taste, to give off, smell, sound
N4
かどうか
whether or not, if…or not
N4
かな
i wonder, should i?
N4
がみられる
can see, can be seen, can observe, can be observed, be evident, chance to see something
N4
かもしれない
might, perhaps, indicates possibility, maybe, probably
N4
から作る
【からつくる】
made from, made with
N4
がり
personality
N4
がる / がっている
to show signs of, to appear, to feel, to think, to act as if, to want, to desire
N4
が必要
【がひつよう】
need, necessary
N4
きっと
surely, undoubtedly, almost certainly, most likely
N4
くする
to make something, adjective + する, someone
N4
く / に
ly, adverbs
N4
くは
emphasis and contrast
N4
ございます
to be, to exist
N4
~こと
nominalization (actions)
N4
~ことがある
have the experience of ~, there are times when ~
N4
ことができる
can, able to, be able to
N4
ごとに
each, every, at intervals of
N4
ことにする
to decide on, have decided to
N4
ことになる
it has been decided that, it turns out that, it will end up being, it is the result of
N4
ごろ
【ころ】
around, about
N4
こんなに・そんなに・あんなに・どんなに
this much, that much, that much (over there), how much, degree, extent, so much, so, like that
N4
さ
-ness, nominalizer for adjective, ending particle, indicates assertion, converting adjectives to nouns, casual assertion, nonchalance
N4
させてください
please let me do
N4
させられる
causative-passive, to be made to do something
N4
~させる/~せる
causative, make someone do, let someone do, have someone do
N4
さっき
some time ago, just now
N4
し
and, and what’s more
N4
しか
nothing but, only
N4
しかない
【しか~ない】
have no choice but, no more than, not exceeding, as few as, as little as, only
N4
じゃないか
right? isn't it? let's, confirmation, isn't it?, is it not?
N4
~すぎる
too much, excessively
N4
ずっと
continuously, all throughout, entire time, ever, the whole time, all the way
N4
ぜんぜん
at all
N4
~そう
it looks like ~, it seems ~, appears ~
N4
そういう
like that, kind of
N4
そうだ
looks like, appears like, seeming, seems about to
N4
そうだ (伝聞)
【そうだ(でんぶん)】
i heard that, it is said that, they say, apparently, reportedly, hearsay
N4
そうに / そうな
【そうに】
seems like, looks like, seem, look like, sound
N4
それで
because of that, so?, and then?, therefore, with that
N4
それでも
but still, and yet, even so, nevertheless
N4
それに
besides, in addition, also, moreover, and
N4
だいたい
most, mostly, adequately, generally, for the most part, roughly
N4
だが / ですが
【だが】
but, still, however, nevertheless
N4
たがる
wants to do, to want to
N4
だけで
just by, just by doing, just with
N4
だけでなく
not only… but also
N4
~だけではなくて
not only ~ but also ~
N4
たところだ
just finished doing, just did
N4
たばかり
just did, just finished, something just happened
N4
たら
if, after, when, from when, just when
N4
たらいいですか
what should i do?, speaker seeking instructions from listener
N4
たらどう
why don't you, how about, why don't you…?, what if you did…?
N4
だんだん
gradually, little by little, step by step
N4
って感じ
【ってかんじ】
kind of thing, kind of vibe, kind of feeling
N4
~つもり
intend to, plan to, supposed to
N4
づらい
difficult to do, hard to, tough to, painful to, difficult to
N4
てあげる
【~てあげる】
do for someone, to do something for someone, as a favor for
N4
ていく
【~ていく】
to start, to continue, to go on, to and go
N4
ていた
【~ていた】
was doing something, was doing
N4
ていただけませんか
【~ていただけませんか】
could you please, won't you
N4
~ていらっしゃる
honorific for ~ている, respectful ongoing actions
N4
ているあいだに
【~ているあいだに】
while, during the time that
N4
ているところだ
be in the middle of doing, be currently doing
N4
ておく
【~ておく】
to do something in advance
N4
てくる
【~てくる】
to do… and come back, to become, to continue, to start, to come to, to be starting to
N4
てくれてありがとう
【~てくれてありがとう】
thank you for ing
N4
てくれない / てもらえない ~て +
【くれない】
won't you?, will you?, could you?, can you?, would you?
N4
てくれる
【~てくれる】
someone does for me, to do something for someone
N4
でございます
polite copula, humble, honorific, neutral
N4
~てしまう
completely, unfortunately, accidentally, to finish, end up doing, do completely, regret, to do something by accident, to finish completely, totally
N4
~でしょうか
I wonder if, polite question, could it be
N4
てすみません
【~てすみません】
i’m sorry for, i'm sorry for
N4
て / で
conjunctive particle, so, because of
N4
でできる / からできる
【でできる】
made of, made from, produced from, come from
N4
ではないか
right?, isn't it?
N4
てほしい
【~てほしい】
i want you to, need you to
N4
てみる
【~てみる】
try doing, to try to
N4
ても
【~ても / でも】
even, even if, even though
N4
~でも ~でも
【でも~でも】
whether or, neither or
N4
てもらう
【~てもらう】
have someone do, to get someone to do, to have someone do
N4
てやる
【~てやる】
to do for, to do a favor, just wait and see, just you wait, for you, definitely
N4
てよかった
【~てよかった】
i’m glad that, i'm glad that
N4
ということ
convert phrase into noun, ing, the that
N4
とうとう
finally, after all
N4
とか~とか
【とか】
among other things, such as, like, for example
N4
とされている
to be considered, to be deemed, be regarded as, be accepted as, to be said, to be accredited with
N4
と~と、どちらが
between which one
N4
どんどん
progressively, rapidly increasing, more and more
N4
~と思う
【~とおもう】
think that
N4
と考えられている
【とかんがえられている】
is considered, is thought of as
N4
と聞いた
【ときいた】
I heard that
N4
~と言う
【~という】
say that, call (something), it is said that
N4
と言ってもいい
【といってもいい】
you could say, one might say
N4
と言われている
【といわれている】
it is said that, is known as
N4
な
don’t
N4
ないと
must do, unless, if you don't, must, have to
N4
~ない~はない
【ない~はない】
there is not that is not, does not
N4
なかなか~ない
not easy to, struggling to, not able to, not really, hardly, not easily or readily
N4
ながら
while, during, as, simultaneously, while ing
N4
なくて
【なくて (Reasons and Causes)】
not and, not so, because not
N4
なければいけない
must do something, have to do something, must do, have to do
N4
なければならない
must do, have to do
N4
なさい
do this, command to do
N4
なさる
to do
N4
なら
if, in the case that, were it, if it's the case, as for
N4
なるべく
extent possible, as as possible, wherever practicable
N4
~にくい
hard to do, difficult to do
N4
~にする
to make something ~, decide on ~, adjective + する, to make something, someone
N4
に気がつく
【にきがつく】
to notice, to realize
N4
に見える
【にみえる】
to look, to seem, to appear
N4
~のだろうか
【のだろうか】
i wonder…
N4
のに
although, in spite of, even though, to, in order to, despite
N4
のは~だ
is, the reason for is
N4
のように / のような
【のように】
like, similar to
N4
の中で
【のなかで】
in, among, within
N4
の次に
【のつぎに】
next to, second to, ranked after
N4
ば
if, if… then
N4
は~が~ は
but, however, comparison
N4
ばかり
only, nothing but, about, approximately, just
N4
はずがない
cannot be, hardly possible, highly unlikely, improbable
N4
はずだ
it must be, it should be, bound to, expected to, should be
N4
~は~の一つだ
【は~のひとつだ】
is one of
N4
ばよかった
should have, would have been better if, i wish, it would have been better to
N4
~ほうがいい
had better, it’s better to, should
N4
ほかに(も) / ほか(に)は
【ほかに】
other, another, any other, anything else, as well as, besides
N4
ほとんど
almost all, most, hardly any, few
N4
まい~のように
almost every, nearly every, on a basis
N4
まず
to start with, firstly
N4
また
also, as well, moreover, again, additionally
N4
または
both, or, otherwise, choice between or
N4
までに
by, by the time, indicates time limit, by the time that, before
N4
まま
【ままに (As Is)】
as it is, current state, without changing, as is, while remaining, left in a state
N4
みたい
like, similar to, resembling
N4
みたいだ
like, similar to, resembling
N4
みたいに / みたいな
like, similar to, resembling
N4
もし
if
N4
~やすい
easy to do
N4
やっと
at last, finally, barely, narrowly
N4
~よう
volitional, let’s, I’ll, intention, suggestion, decision
N4
ようだ
appears, seems, looks as if, it seems that, it appears that, it looks like
N4
ようと思う / おうと思う
【ようとおもう / おうとおもう】
think I will, plan to, intend to
N4
ように
in order to, so that, in such a way that
N4
ようにする
to try to, to make sure that, to make sure to, to endeavor to
N4
ように~てほしい
want to like, want to be able to, want to in the way of
N4
ようになる
to reach the point that, to come to be that, to turn into
N4
ように / ような
like, as, similar to, just like
N4
ように祈る
【ようにいのる】
pray that, for, hope that, keep fingers crossed that
N4
ように言う
【ようにいう】
to tell, request, or order to do
N4
~ら
【ら】
we, them, they, these, those
N4
らしい
seems like, i heard, apparently, typical of, -ish, like
N4
~られる/~れる
passive, be done to, receive action
N4
るところだ
be about to do, be on the verge of doing
N4
れる / られる
【れる / られる (Potential)】
to be able, can
N4
んだけど / んですが
【んだけど】
but…, and…
N4
予定だ
【よていだ】
plan to, be scheduled to
N4
他動詞 & 自動詞
【たどうし & じどうし】
transitive & intransitive verbs
N4
他動詞 / 自動詞
【たどうし / じどうし】
done through action vs. occurring on its own
N4
~代
【だい】
teens, twenties, thirties, 1910s, 20s, 30s
N4
以上
【いじょう】
more than, over, above, any more, greater, exceeding
N4
以外
【いがい】
except, other than, besides
N4
何 + [counter] + か
【か】
some, several, a few
N4
例えば
【たとえば】
for example, for instance
N4
全然~ない
【ぜんぜん~ない】
at all
N4
出す
【だす】
to start doing, to begin doing, to do suddenly
N4
化する
【かする】
-ification, -ization, to make something, to change, to become, transform into
N4
受身形
【うけみけい】
passive form, passive voice
N4
各
【かく】
each, every, respective, various
N4
命令形
【めいれいけい】
!, do !
N4
場合は
【ばあいは】
in the event of, in the case that
N4
始める
【はじめる】
to start doing, to begin doing
N4
少しも~ない
【すこしも~ない】
not at all, not even a little
N4
少なくない
【すくなくない】
quite a few, quite a lot, many, not a few, not a little
N4
後で
【あとで】
after, later
N4
御~
【ご~ / お~】
honorific prefix
N4
必要がある
【ひつようがある】
need to, it is necessary to
N4
急に
【きゅうに】
quickly, immediately, hastily, suddenly, abruptly
N4
意向形
【いこうけい】
volitional form, let's do
N4
直す
【なおす】
to do again, to redo, to fix
N4
真
【まっ】
completely, exactly, right
N4
終わる
【おわる】
to finish doing, to end
N4
続ける
【つづける】
to continue doing, to keep doing
N4
聞こえる
【きこえる】
to be audible, to sound, hear, to be heard
N4
見える
【みえる】
to be visible, to seem, to be in sight
N4
連用形
【れんようけい】
verb stem, conjunctive, continuative form
N4
間
【あいだ】
while, during, between
N4
間に
【あいだに】
while, during something happened
N4
頃
【ころ / ごろ】
around, about, when
N4
風
【ふう】
-style, way, fashion
N4
[noun] + 型
【がた】
model, type, pattern, kind, shape, size
N3
[particle] + の
【の】
combined particles
N3
あまり
so much… that, so much…that
N3
あまりに
so much…that, too…
N3
あまりにも
too much, so much… that, excessively
N3
あり
possibility, to have, with
N3
あるいは
or, either, maybe, perhaps, possibly, or possibly
N3
いくら~ても
no matter how
N3
いくら~でも
no matter how
N3
うちに
while, before, during
N3
おかげで
thanks to, owing to, because of
N3
かけ
half-, not yet finished, about to, begin to
N3
かける
half-, not yet finished, in the middle of
N3
がたい
very difficult to, hard to, difficult to
N3
がち
tend to, tendency to, frequently, often, to do something easily, apt to do
N3
~かというと
why? well…, why? because…, if you ask me why…, the reason why is…, it is because…, if you ask me…
N3
かなり
quite, considerably, pretty, fairly
N3
~かは~によって違う
【かは~によってちがう】
depends on, changes depending on, differ depending on
N3
からこそ
precisely because, emphasized because
N3
から~にかけて
through, from to
N3
から言うと
【からいうと】
in terms of, from the point of view of, speaking in terms of
N3
か何か
【かなにか】
or something, or something like that
N3
きり
only, just, since, after
N3
くせに
and yet, though, in spite of, despite, even though
N3
こそ
for sure, precisely, definitely, for certain, even more so, underlined or bolded text
N3
ことか
how…!, what…!, how…, what…, god knows…
N3
ことから
from the fact that
N3
ことだ
should do, should, ought
N3
ことなの
is, means that
N3
ことに
emphasize speaker's feelings, to my, extremely, especially, to my …
N3
ことになっている
expresses a standard, rule or expectation, to be expected to, to be scheduled to
N3
ことは~が
although, but, it is true…but
N3
ことはない
there is no need to, never happens, there is no possibility that
N3
さ -
【Interjection さ (Interjection)】
all right, there we go, now, you see, well, like
N3
さえ
even, so much as, not even
N3
さえ~ば
if only, as long as, if only…then, as long as…, provided…, only thing … needs for … is …
N3
させてもらう
to have the honor of doing, to take the liberty of doing, to do
N3
さて
conjunction: well, now, then, well, well then
N3
しばらく
for a moment, for a while, for the time being
N3
ずつ
apiece, each, at a time, one at a time, per, gradually
N3
すでに
something has already been done, taken place, is already the case, already, too late
N3
ずに
without doing
N3
ずにはいられない
can't help but feel, can't help but do, must do, cannot help doing something, cannot resist doing something
N3
すると
having done…, if…is done…, then, thereupon, if so
N3
せいで
because of, due to, as a result of, blame
N3
そうすると
having done that, if that is done, if it is done in that way, having done that…, if that is done…, then
N3
そうもない / そうにない
very unlikely to, showing no signs of, does not seem that, does not appear that, unlikely to
N3
そこで
accordingly, now, therefore, to that end
N3
そのため
【そのために】
for that reason, because of that, to that end
N3
そのために
hence, for that reason, because of
N3
その結果
【そのけっか】
as a result
N3
それぞれ
each, respectively
N3
それとも
or, or else, rather
N3
だけしか
【だけしか~ない】
to emphasize 'only', nothing but
N3
だけでなく(て)~も
【だけでなくて~も】
not only but also, not just but also
N3
だけど
but, however, although, regarding
N3
たって
even if, even though, no matter how
N3
だって
because, but, after all, even, too, i heard
N3
たて
just done, freshly done, newly done, freshly ed, just ed
N3
たとえ~ても
even if… is the case, even if…is the case, supposing that
N3
たとたん
as soon as, just as
N3
たとたんに
the instant or moment, as soon as, just as
N3
たびに
whenever, every time, each time
N3
ため
【ために】
for, for the sake of, in order to
N3
ために
for, in order to, for the benefit of, because of, as a result of, due to
N3
たものだ
【~たものだ】
used to do, would often do, used to
N3
たらいい / といい
it would be nice if, it would be good if, should, i hope, i wish, you should, it would be good
N3
だらけ
full of, covered with, a lot of, completely covered in
N3
ちゃんと / きちんと
【ちゃんと】
properly, neatly, orderly, sufficiently, decently
N3
つい
accidentally, unintentionally, by mistake, unconsciously, against one's better judgement
N3
ついでに
while, incidentally, at the same time, on the way, while you are at it, on the occasion
N3
っけ
what is…again?, was it… that… ?, did you say…?
N3
っぱなし
leaving on, leaving still in use, leaving something in a certain state, left as is, keep on -ing
N3
っぽい
seems like, somewhat, -ish, easily does, often does, -like
N3
つまり
in other words, in summary, in short, to sum up
N3
つもりだった
i thought i, i believe i, was planning to, was intending to
N3
つもりで
with the intention of doing, instead of…, act as if or pretend, believing that…, thinking that…
N3
である
formal or literary だ, authoritative, copula
N3
ている場合じゃない
【ているばあいじゃない】
this is no time to be doing
N3
てからでないと
must first do, cannot do without first doing, unless cannot, until cannot
N3
できれば / できたら
【できれば】
if possible
N3
てごらん
try to, look
N3
てしょうがない / てしかたがない
can't help but, very, extremely, really, it can't be helped
N3
てはいけないから
in order to not, to prevent a negative situation
N3
てばかりいる
only, nothing but
N3
てはじめて
not until, only after [x] did i
N3
では / それでは / じゃあ
【それでは】
if so, well, in that case
N3
ではなくて / じゃなくて
【ではなくて】
not a but b, conjunctive
N3
でもある
be also, it also is
N3
てもかまわない
【~てもかまわない】
it doesn't matter if, i don't mind
N3
てもしょうがない / てもしかたがない
there's no point to, it's no use to, it cannot be helped
N3
~ても~なくても
whether or not
N3
ても始まらない
【てもはじまらない】
even if you… it’s no use, there is no point to
N3
ても構わない
【てもかまわない】
it doesn't matter if
N3
でよければ
if it is alright, if you don't mind, if you would like, if possible
N3
て初めて
【~てはじめて】
for the first time, not until, only after, only when, only because
N3
て済む
【てすむ】
sufficient by, no problem to, resolve by
N3
で言うと
【でいうと】
in, of, according to
N3
ということだ
i heard, it means that, in other words, i heard that, rumor has it that, it is said that
N3
というのは
this means, the meaning of … is, because, that is to say, known as is, called is
N3
~というのは事実だ
【というのはじじつだ】
it is a fact that, there is no doubt that
N3
というより
rather than, …is more of a… than a…, rather than saying that…
N3
という理由で
【というりゆうで】
for reason, on the grounds of, with the reasoning, under the pretext of, due to
N3
どうしても
no matter what, at any cost, after all, regardless of
N3
とおり
in that way, exactly, precisely, just as
N3
とおりに
in the same way as, in the way, as
N3
ところが
even so, however, even though, but
N3
どころか
far from, anything but, let alone, not to mention, much less
N3
ところだった
was just about to do something, something almost happened, almost, nearly, about to, on the verge of
N3
ところで
by the way, incidentally
N3
としたが
tried to but, was about to but, was going to but
N3
として
as, in the role of, for
N3
とする
try to, attempt to, to be about to
N3
とすれば / としたら / とすると
in the case of, assuming, if a then b, if it were the case that, assuming that…
N3
とても~ない
cannot possibly be, hardly, not at all, cannot at all
N3
とは限らない
【とはかぎらない】
not necessarily so, is not always true, there is no guarantee that
N3
とみえる / とみえて
seems that, it seems that, it can be deduced, one can conclude that
N3
どんなに~ても
no matter how
N3
と並んで
【とならんで】
in line with, comparable with, along with, just like, as … as
N3
と共に
【とともに】
together with, at the same time as, as well as, at the same time
N3
と同じくらい
【とおなじくらい】
about the same as, about as, no less
N3
と同じで / と違って
【とおなじで / とちがって】
like, similar to, unlike, dissimilar to
N3
と同時に
【とどうじに】
at the same time as, while, simultaneously, the instant, the moment, as well as
N3
と言うと
【というと】
speaking of, when you talk of, when you say
N3
と言えば
【といえば】
speaking of, when it comes to, if one says
N3
と言える
【といえる】
would or could say that…, can probably say that…, fair to say that…
N3
と言っても
【といっても】
although one says, even though, although
N3
ないうちに
before it becomes, before occurs, without
N3
ないことはない
can do, is not impossible to, is not impossible, it doesn't mean that it isn't
N3
なかなか
very, quite, pretty, rather, just not, considerably
N3
ながらも
but, although, despite, even while, even though
N3
なし
without, no
N3
なぜなら
because, the reason is, if you want to know why
N3
なぜなら~から
because, the reason is, that is because
N3
なんか / なんて / など
give examples, show modesty, make light of, such as, things like, etc, and so on, emphasis
N3
において / における
【において】
in, at, regarding, as for, in relation to, on
N3
にかけて
over, through, concerning, regarding, from until
N3
にかわって / にかわり
instead of, replacing, on behalf of
N3
にしたがって
as, therefore, in accordance with, according to, consequently, following
N3
にしては
for, considering it’s, considering
N3
にしても
even if, even though, regardless of, even when, also
N3
について
concerning, regarding, about, on
N3
につれて
as, in proportion to, with, as… then, as…then
N3
にとって
to, for, from the standpoint of
N3
には
for the purpose of, in order to, in regard to, for
N3
によって / による
【による】
by means of, due to, owing to, because of, according to, depending on
N3
によると / によれば
【によると】
according to
N3
に代わって
【にかわって】
in place of, on behalf of, to succeed
N3
に反して
【にはんして】
against, contrary to, in contrast to, go against
N3
に合わせて / に合った
【にあわせて】
in accordance with, matching, fitting, suitable for, adjust or tune to
N3
に基づいて
【にもとづいて】
based on, on the basis of
N3
に対して
【にたいして】
towards, against, regarding, in contrast with, in contrast to, while
N3
に当たる
【にあたる】
correspond to, amounts to, equals to, is appropriate
N3
に慣れる
【になれる】
to be used to something
N3
に比べて
【にくらべて】
compared to, in comparison to, when compared to
N3
に違いない
【にちがいない】
i’m sure, certain, no doubt that, there is no doubt that, i'm sure
N3
に関する / に関して
【にかんする / にかんして】
about, regarding, related to
N3
に限る
【にかぎる】
is best, nothing is better than, nothing better than, there's nothing like, limited to
N3
のでしょうか
ask a question in a polite way
N3
のはXの方だ
【のは~のほうだ】
it is…that…, it is…who…, …is the one that…, …is the one who…
N3
~(の)姿
【のすがた】
figure, shape, appearance, looks, wearing, dressed in
N3
の間に
【のあいだに】
while, during, between, period
N3
ばいい
should, can, it’d be good if, it'd be good if
N3
ばかりだ
continue to, keep on -ing, more and more
N3
ばかりで
only, just
N3
ばかりでなく
not only… but also, as well as, not only…but also
N3
ばかりに
simply because, on account of, only because, just because, simply on account of
N3
は~くらいです
about the only, to the extent that
N3
は~で有名
【は~でゆうめい】
famous for, is famous for
N3
~は~となっている
【は~となっている】
it is, have, has become, happen to be, has been established
N3
ば~のに
would have, should have, if only
N3
ば~ほど
the more… the more, the more…the more
N3
はもちろん
not to mention, not only … but also, not only but also, let alone, of course
N3
は別として
【はべつとして】
aside from, apart from, except for, whether or not, aside, whether or
N3
は言うまでもない
【はいうまでもない】
it goes without saying, needless to say, i don't need to remind you
N3
ふと
suddenly, accidentally, unexpectedly, unintentionally
N3
ぶりに
for the first time in, haven't done for some time
N3
ふりをする
to pretend, to act as if
N3
べき
must, should, ought to
N3
べきだ
should do, must do
N3
べきではない
should not do, must not do, should not, must not, ought not to
N3
ほど
degree, extent, bounds, upper limit, the more, about
N3
ほど~ない
is not as… as, is not as…as, isn't… like…, not to the extent of…
N3
まさか
there's no way, that's impossible, you must be joking, i never dreamed, never, no way
N3
ますます
increasingly, more and more, decreasingly, less and less, keep -ing
N3
まるで
as if, as though, just like
N3
まるで…ようだ
【まるで~ようだ】
it is entirely as if, it is just as though
N3
み
ness, used to indicate conditions or nature
N3
むしろ
rather, instead, better, over
N3
めったに~ない
hardly, rarely, seldom
N3
もしかしたら
perhaps, maybe, perchance, by any chance, possibly
N3
もしも~たら
if, in the case, supposing
N3
もしも~なら / もしも~でも
【もしも~なら】
if, supposing
N3
もっとも
but then, although, though, but, however, for all that
N3
ものだ
describe feeling, express memories, state fact, supposed to, should, that's the way it is
N3
もの / もん
because, indicates reason, excuse, dissatisfaction, cause
N3
も~ば~も
and, also, as well, either, or, …and…
N3
ようがない / ようもない
there is no way to, impossible to
N3
ようとしない
not try to, not make an effort to, not willing to, to not attempt or try to, volitional + としない
N3
ようとする
try to, attempt to, be about to
N3
ような気がする
【ようなきがする】
have a feeling that, feels like, seems like, think that
N3
ように見える
【ようにみえる】
to look, to seem, to appear
N3
よりも
in comparison to, rather than, more than
N3
わけがない
there is no way that, it is impossible to, there is no way, there is no reason, it is impossible, cannot be
N3
わけだ
for that reason, no wonder, as you’d expect, the fact is, so you mean, as you'd expect
N3
わけではない
it doesn’t mean that, it is not the case that, i don’t mean that, it is not true that, it doesn't mean that, it is not the case
N3
わけにはいかない
must not, cannot afford to, must, have no choice but to, no way, impossible to do
N3
わざと
on purpose, intentionally
N3
わざわざ
to go to the trouble of, to go out of one's way to, expressly, especially, go out of one's way, take the trouble to
N3
をはじめ
for example, starting with, not only…but also…
N3
を中心に
【をちゅうしんに】
focused on, centered on, centered on or around, mainly, most notably
N3
を込めて
【をこめて】
filled with, full of, with
N3
を通じて / を通して
【をつうじて / をとおして】
through, via, throughout, by
N3
んじゃない
don't, mustn't, shouldn't have
N3
んだって
i hear that, heard that, i heard that, he or she said that
N3
一体
【いったい】
emphasis, what on earth, what in the world, the heck?, in the world?, on earth?
N3
一度に
【いちどに】
all at once
N3
一方だ
【いっぽうだ】
more and more, continue to, keep on, -er and -er
N3
一方で
【いっぽうで】
on one hand, on the other hand, although, at the same time, while
N3
上がる / 上げる
【あがる】
something is finished, to finish something, something has come to an end, to do something completely, to do something through, to finish doing
N3
上で
【うえで】
upon, after, when, for, in order to
N3
上に
【うえに】
as well, besides, in addition to, not only… but also
N3
中
【ちゅう】
currently, during, at some point, throughout, before the end of, while
N3
代わりに
【かわりに】
instead of, as a substitute for, in exchange for, in return for, in place of
N3
全く~ない
【まったく~ない】
not at all, notat all
N3
再び
【ふたたび】
again, once more, a second time
N3
切る
【きる】
to do something completely to the end, utterly, resolutely
N3
切れない
【きれない】
unable to do, too much to finish, complete, being unable to finish or complete
N3
別に~ない
【べつに~ない】
not really, not particularly, it's not like…
N3
前者は / 後者は
【ぜんしゃは~こうしゃは】
the former the latter, the first the second
N3
割に
【わりに】
considering, for, despite, although, rather…for, unexpectedly
N3
即ち
【すなわち】
in other words, namely, that is
N3
却って
【かえって】
on the contrary, rather, all the more
N3
又~も
【また~も】
moreover, additionally, and also, in addition, furthermore, or
N3
合う
【あう】
do something together, to do for one another, mutually, with
N3
同士
【どうし】
fellow, with each other, mutually, between, among, together
N3
向き
【むき】
suitable for, facing
N3
向け
【むけ】
intended for, aimed at
N3
左右する
【さゆうする】
influence, impact, control
N3
当たり
【あたり】
per, a, apiece, each
N3
必ずしも
【かならずしも】
not always, not entirely, not necessarily
N3
折角
【せっかく】
with effort, specially, after taking the trouble
N3
数量 + は
【すうりょう + は】
at least
N3
更に
【さらに】
furthermore, again, more and more
N3
最中に
【さいちゅうに】
while, during, in the middle of
N3
次第
【しだい】
as soon as, dependent upon
N3
気味
【ぎみ】
somewhat, slightly, tending to
N3
決して~ない
【けっして~ない】
never, by no means
N3
点
【てん】
aspect, respect, point, way, in terms of, in that
N3
的
【てき】
change noun into na-adjective or adverb, ly, like, al, typical
N3
直ちに
【ただちに】
at once, immediately, directly, in person, automatically, as soon as
N3
確かに
【たしかに】
surely, certainly
N3
第一
【だいいち】
start, first, foremost, to begin with
N3
精々
【せいぜい】
at most, at best, no more than
N3
結局
【けっきょく】
after all, eventually, in the end
N3
考えられない
【かんがえられない】
unthinkable, inconceivable, unimaginable, cannot think
N3
言うまでもない
【いうまでもない】
it goes without saying, it is needless to say, of course, obviously
N3
込む
【こむ】
to do something for a long time or to move something inside, to go into, to put into, remain, to do thoroughly, deeply, intensely
N3
途中で / 途中に
【とちゅうで/とちゅうに】
on the way, in the middle of, partway
N3
通す
【とおす】
to do until the end, to continually do, through
N3
遂に
【ついに】
finally, at last, in the end
N3
関係がある
【かんけいがある】
involved with, concerned with, connection with, relationship with, related to
N3
際に
【さいに】
when, at the time of, in the case of, in case of, on the occasion of
N3
あげく
to end up, in the end, finally, after all, after, eventually
N2
いきなり
abruptly, suddenly, all of a sudden, without warning, for no reason
N2
いつの間にか
【いつのまにか】
suddenly, unnoticed, without noticing, too soon
N2
いよいよ
at last, finally, beyond doubt, more and more
N2
いわゆる
what is called, as it is called, the so-called, so to speak, so-called, generally known
N2
おおよそ
approximately, roughly, about, outline, gist
N2
おまけに
to make matters worse, besides, what's more, in addition, on top of that, on top of that
N2
お~願う
【お~ねがう】
please do, could you please, i ask of you to, please
N2
がきっかけで / をきっかけに
with… as a start, as a result of, taking advantage of
N2
がけに
on the way to, as you go
N2
かと思ったら / かと思うと
【かとおもうと】
then again, just when i thought, no sooner than, just when
N2
か~ないかのうちに
just as, right after, as soon as, just when, barely
N2
かねない
might do something, something might happen, might, could be, capable of, possible
N2
かねる
unable to do something, can't do something, cannot, be unable to, hard to, hesitant to
N2
かのようだ
as if, just like
N2
かのように
as if, just like
N2
からして
judging from, based on, since, from, even, even…
N2
からすると / からすれば
【からすると】
judging from, considering, by the look of
N2
からといって
just because
N2
からと言って
【からといって】
just because, even if, even though
N2
からには
now that, since, so long as, because, as long as, given
N2
から見ると
【からみると】
from the point of view of, by the look of, judging from
N2
が気になる
【がきになる】
to be interested in, to be concerned about
N2
きっかけ
lead to, because of, as a start or trigger of, an opportunity
N2
くせして
although, despite the fact that, even though
N2
げ
looks like, seems like, appears to, seemingly, giving appearance of, [expresses emotions or feelings]
N2
ことだから
because, since, it is exactly because
N2
ことなく
without doing something even once, without ing
N2
ことにはならない
just because… doesn’t mean, just because… doesn't mean…
N2
さすが
as one would expect, as is to be expected, even, only natural, that is just like…
N2
~ざる
to not, un
N2
ざるを得ない
【ざるをえない】
cannot help, have no choice but to, can't help doing, have no choice but
N2
しかしながら
however, nevertheless, but
N2
しかも
moreover, furthermore, and yet, what’s more
N2
したがって
therefore, thus, as a result
N2
ずに済む
【ずにすむ】
get by without doing, get by without doing something, to get away with
N2
せいか
perhaps because
N2
せめて
at least, at most
N2
そう言えば
【そういえば】
come to think of it, now that you mention it
N2
その上
【そのうえ】
besides, in addition, furthermore
N2
それなのに
and yet, despite this, but even so
N2
それなら
if that’s the case, if so, then, if that's the case
N2
それにしても
nevertheless, at any rate, even so, be that as it may
N2
だけあって
being the case, precisely because, as expected from, is only natural, …being the case, because
N2
だけに
being the case, precisely because, as one would expect, as might be expected, because, all the more because
N2
だけのことはある
no wonder, as expected of, not … for nothing, not … with nothing to show for it, not surprising that, as expected
N2
だけは
to do all that one can, as much or many as one could
N2
だけましだ
it’s better than, one should feel grateful for, at least, it's better than…
N2
たちまち
immediately, quickly, suddenly, in a moment or flash
N2
たった
【たったの】
only, just, no more than
N2
たまえ
do, order somebody to do something, do!, ask to, beg to
N2
た末 / の末
【~たすえ】
after, as a conclusion of
N2
ちっとも~ない
at all, in the least
N2
ちなみに
by the way, in this connection, incidentally
N2
っこない
no chance of, is definitely not possible, there is no chance of, there is no way of, impossible
N2
つつ
【つつも】
and, while, even though, despite, even while ing, even though ing
N2
つつある
to be doing, to be in the process of doing, -ing, be -ing
N2
ていては
if one keeps doing, if one keeps doing something, when, if something is…
N2
てこそ
【~てこそ】
now that, since, only if, because, by, unless
N2
でしかない
merely, nothing but, no more than, there is only
N2
てたまらない
【~てたまらない】
can't help but, dying to, extremely, can't help but want to, very
N2
てでも
【~てでも】
even if i have to, by all means, by any or all means, no matter what
N2
てならない
【~てならない】
can't help but, dying to, extremely, very, can't help but do
N2
ては
【~ては】
if, with, since, because
N2
てはいられない
【~てはいられない】
can't afford to, unable to
N2
てばかりはいられない
can't keep doing
N2
ては~ては
【~ては~ては】
repetitive situations, actions, repeating action, if, since
N2
ては / では
whenever, if, when, repetitive action
N2
てはならない
【~てはならない】
must not, cannot, should not
N2
てまで
even, will go far so as to
N2
て以来
【ていらい】
since, henceforth
N2
て当然だ
【てとうぜんだ】
natural, as a matter of course
N2
~て頂戴
【~てちょうだい】
please do
N2
ということは
that is to say, so that means, in other words, that means
N2
というものだ
speaker's impression, criticism or conclusion
N2
というものではない
there is no guarantee that, not necessarily
N2
というものでもない
there is no guarantee that…, not necessarily
N2
というわけではない
it’s not that, it doesn’t mean that, it is not that, it doesn't mean that, it is not always the case
N2
という点から考えると
【というてんからかんがえると】
from the standpoint of, from the perspective of, from the viewpoint of, think in terms of, viewed from the angle of
N2
という風に
【というふうに】
in such a way that, like this
N2
といった
like, such as, so much as
N2
どうせ
anyhow, in any case, at any rate, after all, no matter what, i have no doubt that
N2
どうやら
possibly, apparently, seems like, somehow, barely, looks like
N2
とか
【で】
i heard that, i heard that… something like, they said … or something
N2
どころではない
not the time for, not the place for, far from, anything but, this is not the time for…, out of the question
N2
~ところに / ~ところへ
【~ところに】
at the time, when, while, timing, just as i was
N2
ところを見ると
【ところをみると】
judging from, seeing that
N2
として~ない
not at all, there is not even one
N2
としては
as a, for a, as for
N2
としても
assuming, even if, also as
N2
とっくに
long ago, already, a long time ago
N2
とも
even if, no matter (who, what, when, where, no matter
N2
と考えられる
【とかんがえられる】
one can think that, it is conceivable that, considered, can be considered as, is thought to be
N2
ないことには~ない
unless you, unless you do something
N2
ないではいられない
can't help but feel, can't help but do, cannot help doing something, cannot resist doing something
N2
ないわけにはいかない
can't not, no way to avoid
N2
なお
still, yet, furthermore, in addition
N2
なおなお
still, even, yet, in addition, incidentally, furthermore
N2
なくて済む
【なくてすむ】
get by without doing
N2
なくはない / なくもない
it’s not that, i may, it's not that…, kind of, might, slightly, somewhat, in some respects
N2
なにやら
something, some kind of
N2
ならともかく
if it's, sure, but, putting aside
N2
にあたり / にあたって
on the occasion of, when, at the time of
N2
にかけては
when it comes to, regarding, concerning
N2
にしたら / にすれば
from one’s perspective, from the point of view of
N2
にしても~にしても
regardless of whether
N2
にしろ~にしろ
whether… or
N2
にせよ / にしろ
【にせよ】
even if, regardless, whether… or, even though, no matter
N2
につき
due to, because of, per, each, on account of, each or every
N2
につけ
every time, whenever, as, whether, in, every time something happens
N2
にて
in, at, with, by, using
N2
にほかならない
nothing but, none other than, simply
N2
にも関わらず
【にもかかわらず】
despite, in spite of, nevertheless
N2
にわたって
throughout, over a period of, across, extends, over
N2
に伴って / に伴い
【にともなって】
as, due, along with, hand-in-hand with, resulted in, be consequent upon, due to, with, following
N2
に値する
【にあたいする】
to be worth, to be worthy of, to deserve, to merit, be worthy of, deserving of
N2
に先立ち
【にさきだち】
before, prior to, in preference over
N2
に加えて
【にくわえて】
in addition, not only…but also, not to mention
N2
に向かって / に向けて
【にむかって】
towards, to face, to head to, to go towards
N2
に応えて
【にこたえて】
in response to, meet
N2
に応じて
【におうじて】
depending on, in accordance with, depending or based on, according to, in response to, suitable for or to
N2
に気をつける
【にきをつける】
take care, be careful, pay attention, make sure, watch out
N2
に決まっている
【にきまっている】
certainly, i’m sure, certain that, it must be the case that, surely, bound to
N2
に沿って
【にそって】
along with, in accordance with, along, in line with
N2
に相違ない
【にそういない】
without a doubt, certain, sure, certainly, surely, not mistaken
N2
に越したことはない
【にこしたことはない】
it’s best that, there’s nothing better than, there is nothing better than, it is the best, would be the best
N2
に過ぎない
【にすぎない】
no more than, merely, just
N2
に関わらず
【にかかわらず】
regardless of, whether or not
N2
に関わる
【にかかわる】
to relate to, concerning, to have to do with
N2
に限って
【にかぎって】
only, in particular, particularly when, those who, only when
N2
に限らず
【にかぎらず】
not just, not only… but also
N2
に際して
【にさいして】
on the occasion of, at the time of
N2
ぬ
negative verb conjugation, traditional version of ない, classical negative, classical verb [ない]
N2
ねばならない
have to do, must, should, have to
N2
~のうち
【のうちで】
of the, among
N2
のではないだろうか
【のではないでしょうか】
i think … isn't it?, it might be that…, don't you agree?
N2
のみ
only, nothing but
N2
のみならず
not only, besides, as well as, not only…but, not just…but, what is more
N2
のももっともだ
no wonder, is only natural, may well, have or has good reason for, … is only natural
N2
のも当然だ
【のもとうぜんだ】
it is only natural that, it is no wonder
N2
の上では
【のうえでは】
according to, from the viewpoint of
N2
の下で
【のもとで】
under, with, under the supervision of, on the basis of
N2
ばかりか
not only… but also, as well as
N2
はともかく
anyhow, anyway, regardless, in any case, whether or not, setting aside
N2
~ばと思います
【~ばとおもいます】
i would appreciate it if, if you could, i would like to think that
N2
はもとより
also, let alone, from the beginning, not only… but also, of course
N2
ふうに
this way, that way, in such a way, how, way, in a way that suggests
N2
まい
will not, will probably not, intend not to, must not, won't, probably not
N2
まだしも
rather, better
N2
もう少しで
【もうすこしで】
almost, nearly, close to
N2
ものがある
there is such a thing, to be the case that, feels like, strong judgement, there is something, feel strongly that
N2
ものか / もんか
as if, there's no way, definitely not, absolutely not, impossible, do you really think?
N2
ものだから
so, therefore, the reason for something, because, the reason is
N2
ものですから / もので
【ものですから】
because, my excuse is, my explanation is, for that reason
N2
ものではない
shouldn’t do something, it’s impossible to
N2
ものなら
if i, we could, if is possible, then, if one can do something, if, if one could, if something would be possible, if you were to do, if you try to, if … happens
N2
ものの
but, although, even though
N2
も又
【もまた】
too, also, again
N2
も当然だ
【もとうぜんだ】
it’s only natural, no wonder, might as well
N2
も構わず
【もかまわず】
without caring about, regardless of
N2
やがて
before long, soon, almost, eventually, all too soon, in the end
N2
やら~やら
such things as a and b, a and b and so on, whether or, things like, and … so on
N2
ようか~まいか
whether or not, considering options
N2
ようではないか
let’s do, why don’t we, let's do something, why don't we
N2
ようでは / ようじゃ
if, if it is true that
N2
よほど / よっぽど
very, greatly, much, to a large extent
N2
よりしかたがない
there is no choice but, can't be helped, inevitable
N2
よりほかない
to have no choice but, no other way than, have to
N2
ろくに~ない
not properly, not enough, hardly
N2
~を~に任せる
【にまかせる】
leave up to, entrust to
N2
をもとに
based on, derived from, building on, beginning with, from, according to
N2
を問わず
【をとわず】
regardless of, irrespective of, no matter, whether or not, with or without
N2
を契機に
【をけいきに】
as a good opportunity, chance to, as a result of, make the best of, lead to, as a good opportunity to
N2
を巡って
【をめぐって】
concerning, regarding, over
N2
を除いて
【をのぞいて】
except, with the exception of, excluding, unless
N2
一応
【いちおう】
more or less, pretty much, roughly, tentatively, just in case, just to be sure, for the time being
N2
一旦
【いったん】
once …, if … for a short time, temporarily, for now or the time being
N2
一気に
【いっきに】
in one go, without stopping, all at once, immediately, instantly
N2
万が一
【まんがいち】
just in case, in the worst-case scenario, in the unlikely event, by any chance
N2
上
【じょう】
for the sake of, from the standpoint of, as a matter of, in terms of
N2
上は
【うえは】
now that, since, as long as, once
N2
中を / 中では
【なかを / なかでは】
in, on, in the midst of, when, while, into, inside of
N2
以上に
【いじょうに】
more than, not less than, beyond, no less than, even more
N2
以上は
【いじょうは】
because, since, seeing that
N2
以来
【いらい】
since, henceforth
N2
何から何まで
【なにからなにまで】
everything and anything, from a to z, from head to toe, everything
N2
何しろ
【なにしろ】
at any rate, after all, anyhow, anyway, in any case, no wonder
N2
何といっても
【なんといっても】
by any account, all the same, no doubt
N2
何も~ない
【なにも~ない】
nothing, at all, there’s no need to
N2
何より
【なにより】
be glad, be relieved, most, best, above all else, more than anything
N2
傾向がある
【けいこうがある】
tendency, trend, inclination
N2
僅かに
【わずかに】
only, slightly, barely
N2
及び
【および】
and, as well as
N2
反面
【はんめん】
while, although, on the other hand, however, on the flip side
N2
少なくとも
【すくなくとも】
at least
N2
幸い / 幸いなことに
【さいわいなことに】
luckily, fortunately, thankfully
N2
弱
【じゃく】
just less than
N2
強
【きょう】
just more than
N2
後(の) Noun
【あとの + (Noun)】
…left, rest, remaining, in, …to, …else
N2
得ない
【えない】
unable to, cannot, it is not possible to
N2
得る
【える / うる】
can, to be able to, is possible to, is able to, possible
N2
思うように
【おもうように】
as one hopes, as desired, as one thought
N2
恐らく
【おそらく】
probably, perhaps, likely
N2
恐れがある
【おそれがある】
it is feared that, to be in danger of, to be liable to, there is a risk or fear that, be in danger of, possibility of
N2
手前
【てまえ】
considering, before, in front of, one’s standpoint, from one's standpoint or side
N2
抜きにして / 抜きで
【ぬきにして/ ぬきで】
without, leaving out, cutting out, unless
N2
抜く
【ぬく】
to do something from beginning to end, completely, extremely, all, see through, overcome
N2
未だに
【いまだに】
still, not yet, even now
N2
末に
【すえに】
finally, after, following, at the end, conclusion of
N2
果たして
【はたして】
as expected, sure enough, really, whether
N2
次第だ / 次第で
【しだいだ】
depending on, so
N2
次第に
【しだいに】
gradually, in sequence, in order
N2
気
【き】
feel like, spirit
N2
活かす
【いかす】
to make use of, to take full advantage of, to capitalize on, to leverage, bring out
N2
甲斐がある
【かいがある】
it’s worth one’s efforts to do something, to be worth, to pay off
N2
結果 / の結果
【けっか】
as a result of, after
N2
要するに
【ようするに】
in short, in a word, to sum up, to put it simply, in summary
N2
逆に
【ぎゃくに】
conversely, on the contrary
N2
限り
【かぎり】
as long as, while… is the case, as far as, while, limited to
N2
1~たりとも~ない
not even one, not a single, no
N1
[adj] + 限りだ
【かぎりだ】
extremely, really, very, as … as one can be
N1
[i-adj] + もなんともない
【もなんともない】
not… or anything, not at all, not, by no means, definitely not, nothing like that
N1
[verb volitional] + にも〜ない
【にも〜ない】
cannot… even if one wants or tries, would like but cannot, wants or tries but cannot
N1
あくまでも
to the end, persistently, absolutely, is still very, stubbornly
N1
あっての
which can exist solely due to the presence of, which owes everything to, exist only because of or due to, owe everything to
N1
あらかじめ
beforehand, in advance, previously
N1
いかなる
any kind of, every, whatsoever, whatever, what kind of, no matter what kind of
N1
いかに
how, in what way, how much, to what extent
N1
いかにも
indeed, really, truly, just, very
N1
いかん~ず
regardless of, irrespective of
N1
いかんだ / いかんでは / いかんによっては
in accordance with, depending on, whether or not
N1
いかんにかかわらず / いかんによらず / いかんをとわず
regardless of, whether or not, doesn't matter whether
N1
いずれにしても / いずれにしろ / いずれにせよ
anyhow, anyway, either way, in any case
N1
うちに入らない
【うちにはいらない】
not really, can't be regarded as
N1
およそ
about, roughly, generally, approximately, completely
N1
かたがた
while, at the same time, incidentally, for the purpose of, partly for, in addition to
N1
かたわら
while, besides, at the same time, in addition, in addition to
N1
かつて
once, before, formerly, ever, former
N1
がてら
while, on the same occasion, at the same time, coincidentally, on the occasion of, while … as well
N1
かと思いきや
【かとおもいきや】
contrary to expectations, or so we thought, but
N1
がましい
look like, sound like, approximate, similar to, somewhat like
N1
が / も~なら、~も~だ
negative connection, comparison
N1
からある / からする / からの
at least, extent, as many as, as much as, about, or more, over, starts at
N1
かれ~かれ
sooner or later, more or less, or, either or
N1
がん~
totally, seriously, completely, furiously, majorly
N1
か否か
【かいなか】
whether or not
N1
が早いか
【がはやいか】
no sooner than, as soon as, the instant that, no sooner had
N1
きっての
the most, greatest … of all
N1
くらいなら / ぐらいなら
rather than, would rather
N1
くらいのものだ
only
N1
ぐるみ
together, -wide
N1
ぐるみで
whole, -wide, across the, entire, all of, with … altogether
N1
こそあれ
although, even though
N1
こそ「~が / けれど」
but, although
N1
こそすれ
and, although, but
N1
こそすれ~ない
and certainly not, but certainly not, but, although, even though
N1
ごとき / ごとく / ごとし
like, as if, the same as
N1
ことごとく
altogether, entirely, completely
N1
ことこの上ない / この上ない / この上なく
【ことこのうえない / このうえない / このうえなく】
the most of all, the best, nothing is more … than
N1
ことだし
so, because, since
N1
こととて
because, since, due to, on account of
N1
ことなしに
without doing something
N1
ことのないように
so as not to, to not
N1
こともあって
partly because, also because of, plus the reason for
N1
さぞ
surely, certainly, no doubt, indeed, you must be very, how … you must be
N1
さも
really, truly, as if
N1
さもないと
otherwise, or else, if not
N1
じみた
to become, to appear like, to look like, tainted with
N1
じゃあるまいし
you are not so…, it isn't so…
N1
ずくめ
completely, entirely, nothing but, all in, a real streak of, without exception
N1
ずじまい
ended up not doing, ended up not, did not, never did
N1
ずとも
even without doing, even without being, even if not, without, don't have to
N1
ずにはおかない / ないではおかない
will definitely, certainly do something, must, will certainly, bound to, not fail to
N1
ずにはすまない
won't get away without, won't get off without, have to, have no choice but to, can’t not
N1
ずには済まない / ないでは済まない
【ずにはすまない / ないではすまない】
must, will definitely, can't help but to
N1
すら / ですら
even
N1
ぞ / ぜ
ending particle, adds force or indicates command
N1
そばから
as soon as, right after, right after, even if … still
N1
そびれる
to miss a chance, to fail to do
N1
それまでだ
if… then it is all in vain, it's done, it is useless, no point, it is a waste, that's it
N1
たことにする / たことになる
pretend to, see things as untrue, contrary to the truth
N1
ただ~のみ
nothing but, should, have to, only, all that remains
N1
ただ~のみだ
all we can do is, can do nothing but, only
N1
たつもりはない
have no intention to, didn't mean to
N1
たところで
【~たところで】
even if, no matter (who, what, when, where, even if cannot or will not
N1
たなり / なり
【~たなり】
while… ing, remaining, not or ever since, keep or leave
N1
だに / だにしない
even, not even, not at all, never could have, just, even just, even merely
N1
だの
things like, and so on, or something, and whatnot
N1
だの~だの
and, and the like, and so forth
N1
~たはいいが
it's all well and good but…
N1
~たまでだ
【たまでだ】
just, merely, simply, only
N1
ためしがない
is never the case, has never happened, i have never seen or heard of
N1
たら~たで
if, in the case… of course, should
N1
たら~で
even if, if
N1
たら~ところだ
if…, then would be
N1
たら最後 / たが最後
【たらさいご / たがさいご】
if you do… negative result, once, now that, as soon as
N1
たりとも
not even, not any
N1
たる
【たるに】
to be, as a, for
N1
たるもの / たる
who are, which is, in the capacity of … should
N1
だろうに
surely, but, although… is likely, should have, might
N1
た弾みに / た拍子に
【たはずみに / たひょうしに】
the moment, unintentionally, inadvertently caused something to happen
N1
ったら / といったら
【ったら】
cannot tell, describe, say, express or find words for how, words cannot express, too … for words
N1
ったらない / といったらない
【ったらない】
cannot tell, describe, say or express how, words cannot express, too … for words, extremely, very, nothing more … than this, as … as it could possibly be
N1
ってば / ったら
【ってば】
speaking of, i told you already, come on, i said…!, i told you…!, !
N1
であれ~であれ
whether or, or, no matter which, in either case
N1
であれ / であろうと
whoever, whatever, however, even, even if, no matter
N1
てからというもの
【~てからというもの】
ever since, after, since, ever since then
N1
てしかるべきだ
should, appropriate, it is natural to do
N1
でなくてなんだろう
must be, is definitely, if … is not … then what is?
N1
ではあるまいか
isn't it, i wonder if it’s not
N1
ではあるまいし
it’s not like, it isn’t as if
N1
てはかなわない
it's unbearable when, it'd be unbearable if, i can't stand it when, i couldn’t stand it if
N1
では済まない
【ではすまない】
it doesn’t end with just, it will take more than
N1
てみせる
i’ll do my best, i'll definitely do, i'll show you
N1
でもあり~でもある
to also be, both… and
N1
てもどうにもならない
it's no use, can't do anything
N1
でもなんでもない
not at all, by no means, definitely not, nothing like that, not really
N1
でも何でもない / くも何ともない
【でもなんでもない / くもなんともない】
not in the least, nothing like that
N1
ても差し支えない
【てもさしつかえない】
can, it’s okay if, may, is it a bother if, do you mind if, is it a problem if
N1
ても知らない
【てもしらない】
if continue… you'll end up, i don't care about it
N1
てやまない
【~てやまない】
always, never stop, can't help but, never cease to, sincerely, greatly
N1
て敵わない
【てかなわない】
can't bear to, unable to, troublesome to, can't stand to
N1
て済むことではない
【てすむことではない】
is not enough to solve the problem, cannot be resolved by
N1
とあって
due to the fact that, because of, since…, because…, due to…
N1
とあれば
if it is the case that, if, as
N1
といい~といい
both … and, not only … also, whether it be … or
N1
というか~というか
or rather, or perhaps i should say, i mean
N1
というところ
i would say, i guess, it could be said that, about, at best
N1
というところだ / といったところだ
at the most, no more than, at best, roughly, about
N1
というもの
during, for, since, over a period of time
N1
というわけだ
that's why, no wonder, this means, it is the case that
N1
といえども
even if, even though, despite, even, although
N1
といおうか
how to put it, how shall i put it, how should i put it, or perhaps, or maybe, call it … or
N1
といわず
not only a or b but every-, a, b and every-, not only a or b but all over, b both, whether a or b
N1
といわず~といわず
both, not only a or b, but
N1
どうにか
somehow
N1
どうにも
cannot, there is no way one can, nothing one can do, cannot possibly not by any means, cannot do no matter how hard one tries, nothing will come out
N1
どうにも~ない
not … by any means, no matter how hard one tries, cannot
N1
ときている
because of
N1
ところを
although, even though normally, when, while, in spite of, regardless of
N1
とされる
is considered to, it is said that
N1
としたことが
of all people, who would have thought?
N1
とっさに
at once, right away, promptly
N1
とて
even, even if, though
N1
となると / となれば
when it comes to, in such a case, if that happens
N1
との
that, to
N1
とは
i didn't know, i was surprised that, the fact that, that…
N1
とはいえ
though, although, be that as it may, nonetheless
N1
とばかりに
as if to say, as though, as if, seeming that
N1
とは打って変わって / とは打って変わり
【とはうってかわって / とはうってかわり】
unlike, totally different, very different from
N1
とは比べものにならない
【とはくらべものにならない】
can't compare with, nothing compared to, cannot be compared to, much more, way better, above comparison
N1
とは言うものの
【とはいうものの】
although, but, although i say, although it is said, having said that
N1
とみると
as soon as one realizes, then
N1
ともあろう
of all people, such
N1
ともすれば
apt to, tend to, liable to, prone to
N1
とも~とも
unable to draw a conclusion, unable to judge
N1
ともなく / ともなしに
【ともなく】
somehow, without knowing, without thinking, unconsciously, absentmindedly, mindlessly
N1
ともなると / にもなると
【となると】
when, if, once, as
N1
とりわけ
especially, above all
N1
と思いきや
【とおもいきや】
thought…but, when…thought that…but, despite having thought…
N1
と来たら
【ときたら】
when it comes to, as for
N1
と相まって
【とあいまって】
together with, more, because of the influence of
N1
と見るや
【とみるや】
at the sight of, upon seeing, after confirming
N1
と言えなくもない
【といえなくもない】
one can even say that, it can also be said that
N1
ないでもない
kind of, might, slightly, it’s not that, somewhat, in some respects
N1
ないとも限らない
【ないともかぎらない】
not necessarily, i can't say that, maybe, might
N1
ないまでも
not to say, although it does not reach the level of, may not … but, even though not, even if not
N1
ないものか / ないものだろうか
isn't there, can't we…?, can't i…?, can’t, isn’t there, wish that, if only
N1
ないものでもない
is not entirely impossible
N1
ながらに / ながらの
while, during, without change, performed in this condition, while being, born, traditional, as always, while crying or in tears, alive
N1
なくして
【なくしては】
without, if not for
N1
なくしては
cannot do without
N1
なしに / なしで
without, without doing
N1
ならいざしらず / はいざしらず
i don't know about … but, it may be possible for … but
N1
ならいざ知らず
【ならいざしらず】
don’t know about it, maybe it would or might be possible for
N1
なら~で
if should, before should
N1
ならでは
distinctive of, uniquely applying to, special to, unique to, only, impossible if not
N1
ならまだしも
a is fine…but b is not, if it's then it is ok…but is not, it's different when…but, it's not so bad when…but
N1
なり
as soon as, right after, the moment, when
N1
なりとも
at least, even just a little, even
N1
なり~なり
【~なり~なり】
or or something, for instance, or, either or
N1
なりに / なりの
suitable, in one's own way, style, of someone's own, do one's best in one's own way, as much as one can
N1
なんという / なんと / なんて
how, what a
N1
にあって
at, on, during, in the condition of, in the, under conditions or circumstances
N1
にかかっている
depending on, to depend on, whether or not
N1
にかかっては / にかかったら / にかかると / かかれば
when handled by, becomes a completely different result
N1
にかこつけて
to use as a pretext, to use as an excuse, in the name of, using the excuse of, to use as a pretext of, under the guise or pretense of
N1
にかまけて
to be too busy, to focus, concentrate only on
N1
にしたところで / としたところで
even if, even supposing that, even, even for, even from the perspective of, even in the case of
N1
にして
at, on, under certain conditions (time, position, age
N1
にして~にして
at, over, in, only, to be and, to be as well as
N1
にしてみれば
for, in the case of, from 's point of view, in the eyes of
N1
にとどまらず
not limited to, not only… but also, not only…but also, not stopping at
N1
~に~ない
cannot even…if wants, would like to…but cannot, wants to…but cannot
N1
には及ばない
【にはおよばない】
there is no need to, unnecessary, no match for, it is fine if you don’t, to be no match, to not compare, to fall short
N1
には当たらない
【にはあたらない】
it’s not worth, there’s no need to, does not correspond to, no need to, for, cannot
N1
には無理がある
【にはむりがある】
difficult to do, is unreasonable, unrealistic, impossible
N1
にまつわる
to be related to, to concern, associated with, surrounding, related or relating to, connected to
N1
にもほどがある
there is a limit to what is acceptable, to go too far, there is a limit to, you are too …, how …!, how … one can be!
N1
にも増して
【にもまして】
more than, even more than
N1
によらず
regardless of
N1
に~を重ねて
【に~をかさねて】
success after continuous
N1
に先駆けて
【にさきがけて】
prior to, to be the first, being ahead of, first, pioneer, ahead of
N1
に則って / に則り
【にのっとって】
according to, in accordance with, based on, in line with
N1
に即して
【にそくして】
according to, in keeping with, to be based on, in line with, based on, in accordance with
N1
に堪えない
【にたえない】
cannot bear to, cannot stand to, too much to, cannot go on doing, cannot tolerate
N1
に引き換え
【にひきかえ】
in contrast to, compared with, unlike
N1
に忍びない
【にしのびない】
cannot bring oneself, unable to bear
N1
に恥じない
【にはじない】
lives up to, truly to …’s name, worthy of, not dishonor, not putting to shame, measure to
N1
に照らして / に照らすと
【にてらして】
in light of, based on, according to, referencing, comparing against, in view of
N1
に耐える / に耐えない
【にたえる / にたえない】
worth doing, can do, cannot bear doing
N1
に至って / に至り
【にいたって】
when it came to, only when, only after, go as far as
N1
に至っては
【にいたっては】
when it comes to, as for, in particular, what is worse or more
N1
に至っても
【にいたっても】
even if, even though, although something reached the point, even when
N1
に至る / に至った
【にいたる / にいたった】
leads to, come to a conclusion
N1
に至るまで
【にいたるまで】
as far as, up until, everything from … to, from…to…, from…up until…, starting with…ending with…
N1
に言わせれば / に言わせると / に言わせたら
【にいわせると】
if you ask, in … opinion, according to, if one may say
N1
に足らない / に足りない
【にたらない / にたりない】
cannot, not worthy, not worth doing, to not be worthy, to not be enough, to not be sufficient, to lack
N1
に足る / に足りる
【にたる / にたりる】
can do, worthy, worth doing, to be worthy of, to be enough, to be sufficient
N1
に限ったことではない
【にかぎったことではない】
not limited to only, not limited to, not restricted to, not only
N1
に難くない
【にかたくない】
easy to do, it’s not hard to, not hard to, not difficult to, easy to, is obvious that
N1
のなんのって
extremely, so much that, very
N1
のやら~のやら
or
N1
のやら / ものやら / ことやら
i wonder, unsure, i don’t know
N1
の極み
【のきわみ】
utmost, extremely, ultimate, extreme, utter, epitome
N1
の至り
【のいたり】
utmost, extremely, height of, extreme, heartiest, such a
N1
はおろか
let alone, not to mention, needless to say, much less, not only but also
N1
ばこそ
only because, precisely because, because, due to, only if
N1
はさておき / はさておいて
setting aside, apart from
N1
はそっちのけで / をそっちのけで
ignoring for, instead of
N1
ばそれまでだ / たらそれまでだ
if… then it’s over
N1
はどうであれ
however, whatever
N1
びる / びて / びた
to seem to be, to appear, to behave as, -like, looking, feeling, with an air of, to become
N1
ぶり / っぷり
style, manner, way
N1
ぶる / ぶって / ぶった
assuming the air of, behaving like, to pretend, act like
N1
べからず / べからざる
must not, should not, do not, cannot
N1
べく
in order to, for the purpose of, to ensure
N1
べくして
as it is bound to, following the natural course, as expected, meant to, supposed to, destined to
N1
べくもない
cannot possibly be, no, there is no way, it is impossible, not a hope in hell
N1
ほうがましだ
better than, would rather
N1
ほどのことではない
it's not worth, no need to
N1
まくる
to do over and over again, to do relentlessly, like crazy, keep doing, nothing but, on and on
N1
まじき
should not, must not, unbecoming of, unworthy of, not proper for, cannot
N1
までだ / までのことだ
only, just, nothing else
N1
までもない / までもなく
there's no need to, it’s not necessary to, there is no need to, do not have to, it is not necessary to, needless to
N1
ままに
as, to do as, do as, in accordance with, in compliance with, just like
N1
まみれ
covered with, stained with, smeared with
N1
まるっきり
completely, absolutely, totally, at all
N1
みせる
【~てみせる】
i will definitely, i will certainly, just watch, whatever it takes, i swear, for sure
N1
めく / めいた
seem like, show signs of, have the appearance of
N1
もさることながら
one may well say so, but, not only… but also, it is a fact that, even more than, it goes without saying
N1
もしないで
without even doing
N1
ものとして
to assume, to suppose, on the presumption that, assuming, supposing, as
N1
ものとする
shall, to assume, understood as, to suppose, to consider
N1
ものと思う
【ものとおもう】
think that, believe that, expect that, have confidence that, absolutely
N1
ものと思っていた
【ものとおもっていた】
was under the impression that, the thought used to think
N1
ものと思われる / ものと見られる
【ものとおもわれる / ものとみられる】
to think, to suppose, it is believed, expected that
N1
ものを
if only, i wish, i'm sorry it's not actually, but, although, i wish i had
N1
もはや
already, now, no longer, not anymore
N1
も同然だ
【もどうぜんだ】
just like, same as
N1
や否や
【やいなや】
as soon as, the moment, no sooner than, the minute
N1
ゆえに
therefore, consequently, because of, due to, because, the reason is
N1
ようが~ようが / ようと~ようと
no matter, whether, even if or
N1
ようが / ようと
even if, no matter how, what
N1
ようと~まいと / ようが~まいが
whether or not, regardless, even if, no matter what, [emphatic], volitional + が
N1
ようにも~ない
even if i wanted to… i couldn’t
N1
ようによっては / ようでは
depending on the way, depending on how, according to how
N1
~るまでだ
just, merely, simply, only
N1
わ~わ
and and, keep ing, one after another, so much, so many, one after the other
N1
わ~わで
and, and…so, and…because, since
N1
をいいことに
to take advantage of
N1
をおいてほかに~ない
no…but, nothing else but, none other than
N1
をもって / をもちまして
by means of, with, on, at, as of
N1
をものともせず
making nothing of, ignoring, in defiance of, regardless of, disregarding
N1
をものともせずに
in defiance of, not losing to, afraid, worrying about
N1
をよそに
despite, without regards to, ignoring, disregarding
N1
を以て
【をもって】
by means of, with, as of
N1
を余儀なくさせる
【をよぎなくさせる】
force to, to compel, make unavoidable
N1
を余儀なくされる
【をよぎなくされる】
to be forced to do something
N1
を兼ねて
【をかねて】
also for the purpose of, and also, also to, also for, at the same time, to double as
N1
を前提として
【をぜんていとして】
with the intention to, on the condition, assumption
N1
を前提に
【をぜんていに】
on the premise of
N1
を境に
【をさかいに】
since, after, from
N1
を押して / を押し切って
【をおして / をおしきって】
to overcome, to push past
N1
を控えて
【をひかえて】
to be soon, the time has come to, nearby, ahead of
N1
を機に
【をきに】
as an opportunity, chance to, opportunity, occasion
N1
を皮切りに
【をかわきりに】
one after another, starting with, beginning of
N1
を禁じ得ない
【をきんじえない】
can't help but, can't refrain from, cannot help feeling, cannot but, cannot hold back
N1
を経て
【をへて】
through, by way of, after, via, pass through
N1
を踏まえて
【をふまえて】
to be based on, to take into account, based on, considering, keeping in mind, taking into account
N1
を限りに
【をかぎりに】
starting from, the last time, as of, from, after, by
N1
を顧みず / も顧みず
【をかえりみず / もかえりみず】
despite, without considering, not worrying about, regardless of, without regard for, ignoring, without concern for
N1
んがため / んがために
in order to, for the purpose of
N1
んばかりに
as if, as though, as if it were about to, about to
N1
並み
【なみ】
average, ordinary, same level as, equal to, on par with, as
N1
以前
【いぜん】
before, not even, before even, precede, far from
N1
切りがない
【きりがない】
endless, boundless, going on forever, there’s no end to
N1
可能性がある
【かのうせいがある】
may, might, there’s a possibility that
N1
如く / 如き / 如し
【ごとく】
like, similar to, as if, the same as
N1
如何
【いかん】
depending on
N1
始末だ
【しまつだ】
end up, in the end, as a result, ends up, finally, this is what happened
N1
嫌いがある
【きらいがある】
have a tendency to, tend to
N1
尽くす
【つくす】
to use up, to exhaust, to run out of
N1
思いをする
【おもいをする】
to think, to feel
N1
折に
【おりに】
when, at the time, on the occasion
N1
折には
【おりには】
when, occasion, opportunity, time
N1
損なう / 損ねる / 損じる
【そこなう / そこねる / そんじる】
to do something wrong, by mistake, to miss a chance, to fail to
N1
放題
【ほうだい】
doing as one pleases, to one's heart's content, leaving uncontrolled
N1
敢えて
【あえて】
dare to, daringly, deliberately, purposely
N1
案の定
【あんのじょう】
just as one thought, as usual, sure enough
N1
極まる / 極まりない
【きわまる / きわまりない】
extremely, very, extreme
N1
次第です
【しだいです】
because the reason is, therefore, the present situation is like this, this is how, those are the circumstances, this is why
N1
甲斐もなく
【かいもなく】
despite, even though
N1
相まって
【あいまって】
combined with, coupled with, together with
N1
羽目になる
【はめになる】
to get stuck with, to end up with
N1
術がない
【すべがない】
there is no way, means, cannot do
N1
訳あり
【わけあり(わけあって)】
with reasons, due to reasons, defective, problematic, unique
N1
限りだ
【かぎりだ】
to feel strongly
N1
飽くまで
【あくまで】
just, only, merely, strictly
N1