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LingakuLingaku[sentence] + 啊 / 呀 / 哇 / 哪
啊 at the end of a sentence adds feeling without changing what the sentence says. On an exclamation it adds force.
On a question with a question word, or an A-not-A question, 啊 makes it sound softer and more personal, less like a form being filled in.
吗 already ends a yes/no question, and 啊 doesn't go after it.
On a request or a reminder, 啊 sounds friendly or, said sharply, impatient.
是啊 and 对啊 mean "yes, that's right". 好啊 accepts an offer gladly, where a bare 好 can sound flat.
啊 blends with the sound before it, and the spelling can follow the sound. After a syllable ending in a, e, i, o or ü it sounds ya and is often written 呀. After u, ao or ou it sounds wa, written 哇. After n it sounds na, written 哪.
You don't have to choose: the sound changes on its own when you say 啊 quickly, and writing 啊 is always correct. 呀 is the one you'll see most in writing.
啊 belongs to speech, chat and messages. It has no place in formal writing.