[subject] + 让 + [person] + [verb phrase]
[subject] + 不 + 让 + [person] + [verb phrase]
[subject] + 让 + [person] + [adjective]
让 puts a person between two verbs: the subject gets that person to do something. Context decides whether it's "let", "make" or "tell someone to".
The person goes straight after 让, and their action follows with nothing in between – no word for the English "to".
不让 refuses permission. 没让 says the letting or telling didn't happen.
让 + person + adjective says what something made them feel.
English "let's" isn't 让. Suggestions take 吧 at the end. 让我们 + verb appears in speeches and slogans, but in conversation it sounds stiff.
让 can also mark the doer in a passive sentence; that use comes later.