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LingakuLingaku[source] + 认为 + ，+ [clause]
[source] + 主张 + [verb phrase]
[source] + 强调 + ，+ [clause]
有学者 / 有观点 + 认为 + ，+ [clause]
When a paper cites someone's view, the verb that introduces it tells the reader how the source holds it. 认为 reports a position, 主张 a course of action the source argues for, and 强调 a point the source insists on. Each takes a clause after it. The everyday 认为, next to 想 and 觉得, is a separate point.
认为 relays a view without the writer taking sides. 有学者认为 and 有观点认为 open the sentence when the source isn't named.
For the writer's own view, a paper uses 笔者 "the author" or 本文 as the subject rather than 我.
主张 is followed by what the source thinks should be done, so the clause after it has a verb of action. In English it is "argues for" or "advocates". It is also a noun, "position, proposal".
强调 marks something the source stresses, often to head off a misreading.
主张 is about what to do. A claim that something is true takes 认为.