如…所述 / 如…所示【rú … suǒ shù / rú … suǒ shì】

as described, as mentioned above, as stated above, as shown in, as the table shows, as the figure shows, ru suoshu, ru suoshi

Points the reader back to something already said or shown: is "as stated above", 1 "as shown in Figure 1". It opens the sentence.

HSK 7-9

AI-generated

Structure

如 + 上 / 前 + 所述 + ，+ [clause]

如 + [source] + 所述 / 所示 + ，+ [clause]

[subject] + 如 + [table / figure] + 所示

Description

如…所述 refers the reader to an earlier passage, "as described in". The gap holds where it was said: 上 or 前 for earlier in the same text, or a named chapter, report or person. The phrase opens the sentence, and a comma follows.

，。

As stated above, this method has two clear drawbacks.

，。

As described in Chapter Two, the sample came from three universities.

所述 or 所示

所述 is for what was said or written; 所示 is for what is shown – a table, a figure, a chart.

，。

As Table 1 shows, the share of female participants rose year by year.

，。

As the figure shows, there is little difference between the two groups.

如…所示 can also end a sentence, pointing to where the results are.

。

The detailed results are shown in Table 3.

上述 and 所述 before a noun

Without 如, 上述 "the above" and …所述的 "described in…" modify a noun.

。

The problems above need to be solved quickly.

。

The method described in this paper works for other languages too.

Mistakes

如 is the written word that goes with 所述; spoken 像 doesn't mix with it. A figure or table takes 所示, not 所述.

× 像上面所述，… → 如上所述，…
× 如图1所述，… → 如图1所示，…

Examples

，。

As stated above, this method has two clear drawbacks.

，。

As described in Chapter Two, the sample came from three universities.

，。

As Table 1 shows, the share of female participants rose year by year.

，。

As the figure shows, there is little difference between the two groups.

。

The detailed results are shown in Table 3.

，。

As mentioned earlier, the population of the area is mostly elderly.

。

The problems above need to be solved quickly.

。

The method described in this paper works for other languages too.

，。

As the report states, visitor numbers this year are double last year's.

2，。

As Figure 2 shows, temperatures peak in July.

，。

As Mr Wang said in class, you should outline a paper before writing it.

，。

As noted above, these figures represent the views of only some people.

夫

如有…请 / 如需…请