[subject] + 觉得 / 认为 / 想 / 估计 + [clause]
[subject] + 考虑 + [verb phrase / matter]
[subject] + 思考 + [noun]
English "think" covers several jobs that these verbs split between them. 觉得, 认为 and 想 give an opinion, 估计 makes a guess, and 考虑 and 思考 describe the thinking itself.
觉得 is the default spoken "I think". It is soft and personal, and it also covers physical feeling.
认为 states a judgement, often of a group or an expert, and suits writing and discussion.
我想 + clause offers a tentative view. 想 + object means "think about" or "miss", and 想 + verb means "want to".
考虑 takes a plan, an option or a matter, never an opinion. It often means "think about doing".
思考 is deliberate, careful thought. It is written or serious, and it takes a noun such as 问题 rather than a clause.
估计 is "reckon, estimate": about numbers, times or what will happen.