(the / a / this / which …) + [adjective] + one
(the / these / which …) + [adjective] + ones
One replaces a countable noun in the singular. Ones replaces it in the plural. Use them when it is clear which noun you mean.
After an adjective you need one or ones. The adjective can't stand alone.
One often follows this, that, which, the other and the … that/who.
One and ones only replace nouns you can count. With uncountable nouns (milk, bread, water), leave the noun out or say it again.