The lesson

5.2 Numbers

AI-generated

Overview

Japanese counting is built from numbers + counters. Unlike English, you usually cannot count objects with just a number — a counter is required. This counter is similar to a unit of measurement such as a “cup“ (3 cups of water). Just that Japanese requires these “units” for counting virtually anything.

Up to 10

NumberKanjiReading
0零 / 〇ゼロ / れい
1一いち
2二に
3三さん
4四よん / し
5五ご
6六ろく
7七なな
8八はち
9九きゅう
10十じゅう

Counting beyond 10

NumberKanjiReading
11十一じゅういち
12十二じゅうに
20二十にじゅう
21二十一にじゅういち
30三十さんじゅう
40四十よんじゅう
50五十ごじゅう
60六十ろくじゅう
65六十五ろくじゅうご
70七十ななじゅう
80八十はちじゅう
90九十きゅうじゅう

Counting 10s is regular.

Hundreds and thousands

ValueKanjiReading
100百ひゃく
200二百にひゃく
300三百さんびゃく
400四百よんひゃく
500五百ごひゃく
600六百ろっぴゃく
700七百ななひゃく
800八百はっぴゃく
900九百きゅうひゃく

Note: Some numbers have sound changes (ひゃく → びゃく / ぴゃく).

Thousands

ValueKanjiReading
1000千せん
2000二千にせん
3000三千さんぜん
4000四千よんせん
5000五千ごせん
6000六千ろくせん
7000七千ななせん
8000八千はっせん
9000九千きゅうせん

Large numbers

Japanese uses units of 10,000, not 1,000.

ValueKanjiReading
10,000一万いちまん
100,000十万じゅうまん
1,000,000百万ひゃくまん
10,000,000千万せんまん
100,000,000一億いちおく
1,000,000,000,000一兆いっちょう

Note how the units of 一万, 一億, and beyond require 一 before them.

Putting numbers together

Numbers are built by stacking units. Just place the units one after another from the largest units to the smallest ones.

Example: 12,345

  • 一万 (10,000)
  • 二千 (2,000)
  • 三百 (300)
  • 四十 (40)
  • 五 (5)

→ 一万二千三百四十五

Dialogue

Grammar

TitleDescription
何 + Counter
何 + counter is used to ask "how many" or "which number" with a counter.

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