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LingakuLingaku[noun (information source)] + によると [noun (information source)] + によれば
Often paired with ～そうだ / ～らしい / ～とのことだ / ～ということだ at the end of the sentence.
The expressions によると and によれば are used to indicate the source of information – they translate to "according to" in English. They are placed after a noun that represents the source (a person, news report, weather forecast, rumor, etc.) and are typically followed by a statement conveying that information, often ending with expressions like ～そうだ, ～とのことだ, ～ということだ, or ～らしい to mark the information as hearsay or reported speech.
Attach によると or によれば directly to the noun representing the source of information.
Both forms are largely interchangeable and carry the same meaning. によると is slightly more common in everyday speech and writing, while によれば can sound a touch more formal or literary. In practice, native speakers use them freely without a strong distinction.
Because によると / によれば introduces secondhand information, the sentence typically ends with a hearsay or evidential marker:
This pattern is used with sources such as しんぶん新聞 (newspaper), にゅうすニュース (news), てんきよほう天気予報 (weather forecast), うわさ噂 (rumor), ちょうさ調査 (survey), ほうこく報告 (report), and people's names or titles.