The grammar pattern はもちろん is used to express that something is obvious or goes without saying, and then introduces an additional item or scope that also applies. It translates naturally as "not only … but also", "not to mention", or "let alone". The first item (before はもちろん) is presented as the obvious or expected case, and the second item extends the statement to something that might be less expected.
The structure is: Noun A + はもちろん + Noun B + も/でも/まで
The particle after Noun B is typically も ("also"), but でも or まで can also appear depending on nuance.
Here, the first item (日本語, 数学) is presented as the expected or obvious one, and the second item extends the scope.
The literal meaning of もちろん is "of course," so はもちろん carries the nuance that the first item naturally applies – there's no question about it. The speaker then adds something beyond that expectation.
はもちろん is used to show that something applies to a wider range than expected – from children to adults, from weekdays to weekends, etc.
Both はもちろん and だけでなく mean "not only … but also." However, はもちろん carries a stronger nuance that the first item is obvious or goes without saying, whereas だけでなく is more neutral and simply states that there is more than one thing.