means "be forced to": circumstances leave someone no choice but to do something they didn't want to. It goes after a noun that names the action – usually a kanji compound like
,
,
or
– and the one forced is the subject. Literally it is "be made to have no other way".
。
The residents were forced to evacuate.
。
He was forced to retire on health grounds.
、。
The heavy rain forced them to call off the match.
The cause is outside the subject's control – a disaster, the economy, illness, a scandal – and usually comes first with , or . The pattern belongs to news and formal writing. In conversation you'd say or : .
を余儀なくされる or を余儀なくさせる
With the cause becomes the subject, and the one forced takes .
。
The company was forced to change its policy.
。
The typhoon forced the residents to evacuate.
The one forced never takes を, because the action noun already has it.
- × 台風が住民を避難を余儀なくさせた → 台風が住民に避難を余儀なくさせた
Lingaku