Loading
LingakuLingaku[cause] + 导致 + [clause / noun]
[cause] + (给 + [noun]) + 造成 + 损失 / 影响 / 不便
[cause] + 引发 + 讨论 / 关注 / 争议 / 火灾
导致, 造成 and 引发 put the cause in subject position and the effect after the verb, and the effect is nearly always something unwanted. They split the work by the kind of result that follows.
导致 takes a whole clause or an event as its object and reports one link in a chain: X happened, so Y followed.
造成 is most at home with a noun of loss or harm: 损失, 影响, 污染, 浪费, 不便, 麻烦. Whoever suffers it comes in with 给 before the verb.
引发 starts a reaction that then runs on its own: 讨论, 关注, 争议, 思考, 火灾. Its results aren't always bad – a film can spark discussion.
A good outcome takes 带来 or 使, not 导致 or 造成. A loss is caused, not set off, so it takes 造成.