因而【yīn'ér】

因而 opens the second clause of a sentence and gives the result of what the first clause said: "consequently", "and so". It is neutral to written – more formal than 所以, natural in reports, essays and careful explanation.

The first clause can be marked with 由于.

After the subject

Unlike 所以, 因而 can also stand after the subject of the second clause.

因而 or 因此

Both mean "so, therefore". 因而 links two clauses inside one sentence. To start a new sentence that draws a conclusion from a whole paragraph, 因此 is the usual choice.

Result second, never first

Like 所以, 因而 goes on the result, not on the cause.

• × 因而他没复习，考得不好 → 他没复习，因而考得不好