[subject] + [verb] / [adjective] + 到 + (了) + [clause] + 的地步
[subject] + 已 + 至 + [clause] + 之地步
(以) 至于 + [clause] + 的地步
地步 is the state something reaches at the end of a slide, usually an extreme one. 到…的地步 puts a clause between 到 and 地步 to describe how far things went. The literary form swaps 到 for 至 and 的 for 之.
The middle describes the state: a clause with 连…都, a 无法 or 不能 phrase, or a four-character phrase. A plain adjective is too thin to fill it.
事情到了这个地步 and 怎么会到这种地步 point back at a state already described: "this far".
地步 marks something that has gone too far, or a striking extreme. For an ordinary degree, use 程度, or a 得 complement – a phrase after the verb that says how it turned out.
A positive extreme works, as long as it is extreme.
以至于 stresses that the extreme followed from what came before. 不至于 – "not go as far as" – denies that it did, and has its own point.