ことなしに

without doing, unless, without doing it you cannot, without

AI-generated

Structure

[verb (dictionary form)] + ことなしに [verb (dictionary form)] + ことなしには + [negative clause]

Description

ことなしに means "without doing". It follows the dictionary form of a verb, and it most often sets up a negative second half: without X, Y cannot happen.

、。

Without making an effort, success is impossible.

、。

Without experiencing hardship, you cannot taste true joy.

、。

Peace was not achieved without making sacrifices.

With は added, ことなしには makes the condition sharper: "unless you do X".

、。

Without taking risks, you cannot achieve great results.

、。

Without looking back at the past, you cannot talk about the future.

It can also simply report that something was not done, as ことなく does.

、。

He left the room without saying a single word of apology.

Register

ことなしに is literary, at home in essays and speeches. In conversation the same idea comes out with ないで, ずに, or きごう〜なければば〜ない.

、。

If you don't make an effort, you won't succeed.

、。

I decided to study abroad without consulting my parents.

Examples

、。

She quietly left without saying anything.

、。

I kept running for ten hours without resting.

、。

I decided to study abroad without consulting my parents.

、。

You should not spread rumors without confirming the facts.

、。

He quit the company without informing anyone.

、。

You cannot watch that movie without shedding tears.

、。

Without experiencing hardship, you cannot taste true joy.

、。

It is dangerous to start a project without making a plan.

、。

You must not enter this room without obtaining permission.

、。

Without looking back at the past, you cannot talk about the future.

、。

Peace was not achieved without making sacrifices.

、。

He signed without reading the contract.

こととて

ことのないように