に対して | Grammar

Structure

[noun] + に対して [noun] + に対する + [noun] [verb (plain)] + のに対して [i-adj] + のに対して [na-adj] + な + のに対して [noun] + な / である + のに対して

Description

に対して after a noun marks who or what an action, a feeling or an attitude is aimed at: "towards", "to", "against". It is more explicit than a bare に, and a little more formal.

。

You must not say rude things to your teacher.

。

He is kind to everyone.

、。

The public is unhappy with the government's response.

Before a noun it becomes に対する, or に対しての.

。

Interest in environmental issues is growing.

。

Cruelty to animals is unforgivable.

Contrast: のに対して

After a clause, のに対して sets two facts side by side: "while", "whereas". A verb or an い-adjective takes の directly; a な-adjective or a noun needs な first.

、。

While Japan's population is falling, Tokyo's is rising.

、。

My older brother likes sports, whereas my younger brother likes reading.

、。

My sister is outgoing, whereas I am introverted.

× 姉は社交的のに対して → 姉は社交的なのに対して

に対して or について

に対して points an attitude or a reaction at something. について gives the topic you talk, write or think about. "Talk about the plan" takes について.

。

We talked about the plan.

。

I objected to the plan.

Usage notes

These go beyond pointing at a target and contrasting.

"Per"

Between two numbers, に対して gives a ratio.

。

I'll hand out one per person.

。

There is one teacher for every twenty students.

に対し in writing

is the written form of に対して, in both uses.

、。

Rent is high in the cities, whereas it is low in the country.

Examples

。

I want to express my gratitude towards my parents.

、。

She always reaches out to people who are in trouble.

、。

The public is dissatisfied with the government's response.

、。

While Japan's population is decreasing, Tokyo's population is increasing.

、。

In contrast to my older sister being outgoing, I am introverted.

。

You should speak politely towards elderly people.

。

Are there any opposing opinions regarding this proposal?

。

I will distribute one to each person.

。

He is fair towards everyone.

、。

While rent is expensive in urban areas, it is cheap in rural areas.

。

Cruelty towards animals is unforgivable.

、。

There were 30 male participants compared to 50 female participants.

References

～に対してimabi.org
に対してBunpro