し

し strings reasons together: "and", "and besides". You list one or two reasons with し, and the conclusion they lead to comes last. It follows a plain-form verb or い-adjective, and a noun or な-adjective takes だ first.

• × 静かし → 静かだし
• × 学生し → 学生だし

も often marks each reason, as in the second example: "no time, and no money either".

One reason

With a single し, the reason you give stands for others you leave unsaid. It gives the sentence a softer, more personal tone than から.

し or て

て joins facts side by side. し lines them up as reasons for something – a decision, an opinion, a complaint – so a sentence with し is building a case.

Usage notes

These go beyond plain-form し in conversation.

Polite し

In polite speech し follows です or ます.

Reasons after the point

You can make your point first and add the reasons after it.