た末 / の末 / 末に【たすえ / のすえ / すえに】

after, after much, in the end, as a result of, at the end of, finally

AI-generated

Structure

[verb た-form] + 末(に) [noun] + の + 末(に) [verb た-form] + 末の + [noun] [noun] + の + 末の + [noun]

Description

た末 and の末 mean "after (a long process of)": the result came only at the end of a lot of thought, effort or trouble. 末 follows a verb's た-form, or a noun with の. The に after it is optional.

、。

After a lot of agonising, I decided to change jobs.

、。

After long discussions, they decided to divorce.

、。

After a long debate, they reached an agreement.

The noun before の末 is itself a process: ぎろん議論, くろう苦労, どりょく努力, こうしょう交渉. The second half is what that process finally led to, and it is usually in the past.

、。

After much hardship, I finally achieved my dream.

To describe a noun that follows, 末 takes の after it, and that noun is the result: a decision, a success, a choice.

。

It was a success that came after much trial and error.

、。

It is a decision made after careful consideration, so I have no intention of changing it.

The process has to be long or hard. For something quick and ordinary, 末 sounds wrong and あと後で or てから is the word: ×顔を洗った末に、朝ご飯を食べた.

末 belongs to writing, news and formal speech. In conversation the same story is usually told with いろいろかんがえて考えて、けっきょく結局きごう〜.

、。

I thought about it a lot and in the end I quit my job.

末 or あげく

also follows a long process, but the outcome is one the speaker regrets or resents. 末 is neutral – the result can be good or bad – so a good outcome needs 末.

、。

After all that hard work, I passed.

、。

After being kept waiting for ages, the meeting got cancelled.

× 努力したあげく、合格した → 努力した末に、合格した

Examples

、。

After thinking for many hours, I decided to go to this university.

、。

After years of effort, I was finally able to compete in the Olympics.

、。

After discussing it together, we decided to hold the wedding next year.

、。

After much trial and error, the new product was completed.

、。

After agonizing over it, I ended up not buying anything.

、。

After discussing it as a family, we decided to move.

、。

After a fierce battle, he won the championship.

、。

After long negotiations, the contract was finally concluded.

、。

After agonizing over and over, I decided to quit the company.

、。

After failing many times, I finally succeeded.

、。

After three years of research, I was able to publish my paper.

、。

After searching everywhere, I finally found the key.

、。

Since it's a qualification I obtained after much hardship, I want to treasure it.

、。

It is a decision made after careful consideration, so I have no intention of changing it.

References

た末-の末Bunpro

たまえ

ちなみに