例えば【たとえば】

例えば means "for example": it brings in a concrete case of what has just been said. It usually starts a new sentence, after the general statement.

The examples after it are usually joined with や or など, which also say the list isn't complete. In casual speech とか does the same job.

例えば can also sit inside the sentence, straight before the examples.

"Let's say"

Before a たら or ば clause, 例えば sets up an imaginary case: "let's say", "suppose".