出す【だす】

The suffix だす出す (だす) is attached to the masu-stem of a verb to express the sudden or spontaneous beginning of an action. It conveys the nuance that something starts abruptly or bursts out, often unexpectedly.

Basic usage

だす出す attaches to the masu-stem of a verb (the form you get by removing ます):

• はしる走る → 走り → 走り出す (to suddenly start running)
• なく泣く → 泣き → 泣き出す (to burst into tears)
• わらう笑う → 笑い → 笑い出す (to burst out laughing)
• ふる降る → 降り → 降り出す (to start raining/snowing suddenly)

Difference from ～始める

Both だす出す and はじめる始める can mean "to start doing," but they differ in nuance. ～出す emphasizes that the action begins suddenly or unexpectedly, while ～始める is more neutral and can describe a planned or gradual beginning.

Because of this nuance, だす出す is used with actions that happen spontaneously or involuntarily, such as crying, laughing, or weather changes. It is not typically used for actions you deliberately decide to start.

Conjugation

Since だす出す is a regular godan verb, the compound verb conjugates normally:

• Past: 走り出した
• Negative: 走り出さない
• て-form: 走り出して
• Polite: 走り出します