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LingakuLingaku[v5: う-row → あ-row] + れる [v1: drop る] + られる [する → される] [来る → 来られる]
The passive form says that something is done to the subject. A う-verb moves its last sound to the あ-row and adds れる – a verb ending in う takes わ, so かう買う becomes かわれる買われる. A る-verb drops る and adds られる. する becomes される and くる来る becomes こられる来られる.
The person who does the action takes に. The passive verb is a る-verb and conjugates like one.
When the action is done to your belongings or your body, you are the subject and the thing keeps を. English says "my foot was stepped on"; Japanese says "I was stepped on the foot".
The passive also tells you that someone else's action caused you trouble, even when it was not done to you. Verbs that can't be passive in English, like "rain" and "come", work here.
These go beyond the everyday passive.
For who made, wrote, designed or discovered something, the agent takes によって instead of に. This is a written style.
The same form is a light honorific when the subject is someone you respect, like a teacher or a boss. Nothing is being done to them here.
For a る-verb and for 来る, the passive looks the same as the potential: たべられる食べられる is "is eaten" or "can eat". The particles tell you which.