いかなる | Grammar

Structure

いかなる + [noun] + も + [negative] いかなる + [noun] + でも / であってもいかなる + [noun] + が + あっても

Description

いかなる means "any … whatsoever", "no matter what kind of". It goes straight before a noun, and it is the formal, written counterpart of どんな. With も and a negative it rules everything out.

。

No exceptions whatsoever will be allowed.

。

No discrimination of any kind should be tolerated.

。

He was not shaken by any criticism at all.

"No matter what"

With でも, であっても or があっても, the statement holds whatever the case turns out to be.

、。

Whatever the reason, violence is not acceptable.

、。

In every case, the law must be obeyed.

A noun cannot take ても directly; it needs で.

× いかなる場合ても → いかなる場合でも

"Any"

In a positive sentence, いかなる + noun + にも means "any … at all".

。

We will put in place a system that can deal with any situation.

Register

いかなる belongs to laws, rules, official statements and speeches. In conversation the same sentences use どんな; どのような sits between the two.

、。

Whatever the reason, violence is wrong.

Examples

、。

No matter what the reason may be, tardiness will not be tolerated.

、。

In any case whatsoever, one must obey the law.

。

A strong will that yields to no difficulty whatsoever is needed.

、。

I intend to achieve the goal by whatever means necessary.

、。

This country wishes to build friendly relations with any nation.

。

No discrimination of any kind should be tolerated.

、。

It is important to remain calm under any circumstances.

。

Please report any changes whatsoever in advance.

。

It is the government's responsibility to protect citizens from any threat.

。

He was not fazed by any criticism whatsoever.

、。

I want to protect peace no matter what the cost.

、。

Should any problem arise, we will respond promptly.

References

いかなるBunpro