傾向がある means "tend to", "there is a tendency for": a pattern that shows up across people or over time. It follows a verb in the dictionary form or the ない-form, or a noun with .
。
Children tend to copy what their parents do.
。
Students these days tend not to read books.
。
This region tends towards depopulation.
ある changes for tense and negation like any verb. In the negative, が usually becomes .
、。
There used to be that tendency, but not any more.
。
There isn't much of a tendency like that.
傾向がある or 傾向にある
describes a trend in motion: a number or a situation moving one way at the moment. It goes with words of change like
,
and
. 傾向がある describes something that keeps happening.
、。
When the economy is bad, consumers tend to save.
がち and きらいがある
goes on a ます-stem and says something happens too often, usually something unwelcome.
points out a bad habit, in writing. 傾向がある itself is neutral: it reports a pattern without judging it.
。
He tends to forget his promises.
。
He tends to look on the dark side of things.
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傾向がある belongs to reports, news and analysis. Talking about one person in conversation, you'd say きごう〜 or きごう〜. In research writing it often becomes , "a tendency can be seen".
、。
The data show a rising trend in temperatures.
Lingaku