命令形【めいれいけい】

The 命令形 (imperative form) is the command form of Japanese verbs. It is used to give direct orders or commands. This form is very blunt and forceful, so it is used in limited situations such as emergencies, sports, military contexts, or between close male friends. Using it in everyday conversation can sound rude or aggressive.

Formation

五段動詞 (Godan / V5): Change the final う-row kana to the corresponding え-row kana.

• かう買う → 買え
• まつ待つ → 待て
• とる取る → 取れ
• のむ飲む → 飲め
• かく書く → 書け
• およぐ泳ぐ → 泳げ
• はなす話す → 話せ

一段動詞 (Ichidan / V1): Remove る and add ろ。

• たべる食べる → 食べろ
• みる見る → 見ろ

Irregular verbs:

• する → しろ
• くる来る → 来い（こい）

Common uses

Emergencies and urgent situations:

Sports and encouragement:

Rough or masculine speech:

Signs, slogans, and set phrases:

Negative commands with な

To tell someone not to do something in a similarly direct way, attach な to the dictionary form of the verb. This is the prohibitive form.

Tone and politeness

The 命令形 is considered the most direct and forceful way to give commands. For polite requests, Japanese speakers prefer 〜～てください or 〜～なさい instead. The imperative form should be used with caution, as it can easily cause offense if used inappropriately.