に関わらず【にかかわらず】

に関わらず (にかかわらず) means "regardless of" or "whether or not". It expresses that the outcome or situation remains the same no matter what the preceding condition is. It is used in formal writing and speech.

Usage with nouns

When attached to a noun, に関わらず indicates that the result does not change regardless of that factor.

Usage with opposing pairs

に関わらず is used with pairs of contrasting words – such as yes/no, presence/absence, success/failure, or size/amount – to express "whether X or Y."

Usage with verbs (whether or not)

When used with verbs, に関わらず typically follows a structure like Verb[dictionary form] + か + Verb[ない form] + かに関わらず to mean "whether one does or does not."

Related forms

• にもかかわらず means "in spite of" or "despite" – note the difference. にもかかわらず emphasizes going against an expected result, while に関わらず simply means the condition is irrelevant.
• をとわ問わず (とわず) is a synonym that also means "regardless of" and is similarly formal. It tends to be used with categories or classifications (e.g., 性別を問わず "regardless of gender").