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LingakuLingakuDictionary form ending in one of the う-row kana:
う-verbs (also called Godan verbs or Group 1 verbs) are one of the three verb groups in Japanese. Their dictionary form – the base form found in dictionaries – ends in a syllable from the う-row (う段) of the kana chart: う, く, ぐ, す, つ, ぬ, ぶ, む, or る.
Most う-verbs are easy to spot because they end in a consonant + う sound that is notる:
Some う-verbs end in る, which can cause confusion with る-verbs (Ichidan verbs). A helpful rule of thumb: if the vowel sound before る is from the あ段, う段, or お段 (a, u, or o row), the verb is almost always an う-verb:
Some verbs like かえる帰る, はしる走る, はいる入る, and きる切る are common exceptions that end in る with an い or え sound before it but are still う-verbs. These must be memorized.
The dictionary form is the plain non-past form. It expresses habitual actions or future events in casual speech.
Habitual actions:
Future actions:
The dictionary form is also used inside many grammar structures, such as quoting with とおもう思う, expressing ability with ことができる, and many more.
In polite speech, the dictionary form is converted to the 〜～ます form by changing the final う-row syllable to the corresponding い-row syllable and adding ます: