～ないで | Grammar

Structure

[v5 ない形 → ない] + で [v1 ない形 → ない] + で [する → しない] + で [来る → こない] + で

[verb ないで] + ください (negative request) [verb ないで] (casual negative request, ください omitted)

The ～ないで structure is used to express actions that are done without doing something else.

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{I went to school without eating breakfast.}

It can be used with ください to express a negative request:

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Please do not take pictures here.

In casual speech, ください can be omitted:

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Please do not take pictures here.

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Please study without watching TV.

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Do your homework without listening to music.

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I went to school without eating breakfast.

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I went outside without taking an umbrella.

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Please do not take pictures here.

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I passed by without stopping the car.

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She finished her work without complaining.

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Please do not enter that room.

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Let’s talk without using smartphones.

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He left without saying anything.

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I went to sleep without taking a bath.