Loading
LingakuLingaku[v1 stem] + る
Note: る-verbs (ichidan/Group 2) end in る, preceded by an い-row or え-row vowel sound.
A る-verb (also called an ichidan verb or Group 2 verb) is one of the two main verb groups in Japanese. In their dictionary form, る-verbs always end in る, with the sound immediately before る being an い-row or え-row vowel sound (e.g. たべる食べる、みる見る、おきる起きる).
The dictionary form is the plain non-past form of the verb. It expresses present habitual actions, general truths, or future events in casual speech.
If a verb ends in る and the vowel before る is え or い, it is usually a る-verb. Common examples include:
However, some verbs that look like る-verbs are actually う-verbs (exceptions). These must be memorized individually:
る-verbs are simpler to conjugate than う-verbs because you simply drop る and add the new ending. For example:
The dictionary form is used in casual speech where the ます-form would be used in polite speech.
It also appears inside many grammar structures, even in polite sentences: