[verb た-form] + って [i-adj 〜い → 〜く] + たって [na-adj] + だって [noun] + だって
たって means "even if": whatever the first part says, the result stays the same. It is the casual, spoken form of ても, and it attaches to the た-form where ても attaches to the て-form: いっ行ったって, たべ食べたって. An い-adjective changes its final い to くたって.
A verb whose た-form ends in だ takes だって, and so do nouns and な-adjectives, which have no たって form at all.
The two mean the same. ても fits any register; たって belongs to casual speech, and it often sounds dismissive: whatever you try, it won't help. In polite speech or in writing, use ても.
With いくら or どんなに in front, たって means "no matter how much". With a question word – 何, 誰, どこ – it means "no matter what", "no matter who".
These go beyond "even if" on a positive verb or adjective.
A negative takes the い-adjective route: ない becomes なくたって. Followed by いい, it says you don't have to.
After a noun, だって can also be the particle that means "even", "too": こども子供だってわかる is "even a child understands". Context tells the two apart: "even if it's a child" or "even a child".