The ~てはいけない structure is used to express prohibition or indicate that an action is not allowed.
。
You must not smoke here.
The polite version is: ~てはいけません.
。
You must not take photos here.
In informal contexts ~ては/~では sometimes gets shortened:
。
You shouldn’t smoke here.
Alternatives
Depending on the context, いけない can be replaced with other words:
- いけない ("It's unacceptable"): Neutral.
。
You must not smoke here.
。
Kids shouldn’t go outside alone.
。
You must not use your phone during the exam.
- ならない ("It must not happen"): Stronger and more formal, often used in rules, regulations, or written instructions.
。
You must not talk during the exam.
。
Personal information must not be shared externally.
- だめ ("It's no good"): A softer, casual prohibition often used in everyday conversation, especially with friends, family, or children.
。
You shouldn’t say things like that.
。
You shouldn’t stay up that late.
~禁止
~禁止 is commonly seen on signs and notices.