indicates passive voice (incl. the "suffering passive")～れる connects to -nai stem of 五段 verbs and to サ変 as さ～れる; ～られる connects to -nai stem of 一段 and カ変 verbs and to サ変 as せ～られるpozri aj 迷惑の受身【めいわくのうけみ】
indicates the potential formno imperative form, not used on 五段 in modern speechpozri aj 可能動詞【かのうどうし】
indicates spontaneous occurrenceno imperative form
used as an honorific for others' actionszdvorilé (sonkeigo)no imperative form
Lingaku