Frequency rank: 19.
    particle
  1. by (indicating means of action); as (a group, etc.)see also , , and する
  2. indicates patient of a causative expressionas 〜をして in modern Japanese
  3. acts as a connectiveafter the ren'youkei form of an adjective
  4. adds emphasisafter an adverb or a particle
  5. conjunction
  6. and thensee also
Forms
  • Frequency rank: 19.