This meaning is used to indicate that two actions are happening simultaneously or that one action is taking place during the time another action is occurring.
This meaning expresses contrast or concession, indicating that something happens or is true even in the face of something that would normally prevent it.
つつあるto be in the process of (doing something)つつもeven though; despite (A, B)きき聞きつつlistening while (doing something)かんがえ考えつつthinking while (doing something)すすめ進めつつproceeding while (doing something)つつかんがえる考えるto think while doingつつまなぶ学ぶto learn while (doing something)いき行きつつあるto be on the way; to be going while (doing something)